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  Blood groups

Blood groups:

A blood type (also termed as blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence/absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (i.e., RBCs). Such antigens might be carbohydrates,proteins,  glycoproteins, or glycolipids, based on the blood group system. A few of these antigens are also present on the surface of other kinds of cells of different tissues. Numerous of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem from one allele (or very closely linked genes) and collectively form a blood group system.Blood types are inherited and show contributions from both parents. A total of 30 human blood group systems are now identified by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).

In the year 1901 Karl Landsteiner discovered that while the Blood of one human being was transfused with that of other human being, variations in their Blood leads to shock, jaundice, and renal failure. Because the blood group antigen and antibody reactions result in the agglutination reaction the antigen is termed as agglutinogen and the antibody is termed as agglutinin. Blood group antigens are available on the RBC (Red Blood Cell) membrane. As per to Land Steiner when an agglutinogen is present on the RBC (Red Blood Cell) membrane the corresponding antibody is not present in the plasma. Thus your ‘blood group’ depends upon type antigens that found on the surface of the red blood cell membrane.

The differences in human blood are due to the presence/absence of certain protein molecules known as antigens and antibodies. The antigens are situated on the surface of the red blood cells and the antibodies are in the blood plasma. Individuals have various types and combinations of these molecules. The blood group you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your parents.

 

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