Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure:

A single antibody unit is ‘Y’ shaped molecule that is chemically a glycoprotein creates the gamma globulin in plasma illustrated in the above diagram. Most antibody monomers contain four polypeptide chains. Two are light chains and two are heavy chains. There is a constant region which is particular for a specific class of antibodies. For IgM the heavy chain is μ, for IgG it is ϒ, for IgA is α, for IgD it is δ, and for IgE it is ε. The light chain might either be ? (or) λ (kappa or lamda). The chains are folded into discrete regions termed as domains. There are two domain in the light chain and 4 - 5 domain in the heavy chains. In the constant region the free end creates the Fc portion. There is a variable region exists in the heavy and light chain and termed as variable (V) region, in which antigen binding takes place. Therefore in a given antibody molecule two binding sites are available.

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                                                                  Diagram: Antibody Structure

 

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