--%>

How to establish nomenclature for halides?

In the common chemistry terminologies, aliphatic halogen derivatives are named as alkyl halides. The words, n-, sec-, tert-, iso-, neo-, and amyl are usually used in written in the common names. In IUPAC system, they are considered as derivatives of corresponding alkanes and are named as haloalkanes. It may be noted that the common name of any alkyl halide is written as two separate words whereas the IUPAC name of the alkyl halide is written as one word.

The dihalogen derivatives having same type of halogen atoms on the same carbon are known as germinal dihalides and are assigned common name alkylidene halides or alkylidene dihalides.

The dihalogen derivatives having the two similar halogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms are known as vicinal dihalides and are assigned common name alkylene or alkylene dihalides.

Trihalomethnanes are called haloforms in trivial system.

Fully halogenated hydrocarbons are known as perhalohydrocarbons. For example, C2Cl6 is known as percholoroethane.

Haloarenes are named by prefixing the halogen and its position, if necessary, to the name of the parent aromatic compound.

In writing the common names, the relative positions of the substituents at 1, 2-; 1, 3- and 1, 4- positions are indicated by prefixes ortho (o-), meta (m-) and para (p-), respectively. 

Isomerism in haloalkanes

Haloalkanes can exhibit the following kinds of isomerism:
    
Chain isomerism

The haloalkanes with four or more carbon atoms exhibit this kind of isomerism. For example,

1267_halides.png 
    
Position isomerism

The haloalkanes with three or more carbons show this kind of isomerism.

For example C3H7Br has two position isomers.

863_halides1.png

   Related Questions in Chemistry

  • Q : Determining Mole fraction of water Can

    Can someone please help me in getting through this problem. The mole fraction of water in 20% aqueous solution of H2O2 is: (a) 77/68 (b) 68/77 (c) 20/80  (d) 80/20

  • Q : Question 6 A student was analyzing an

    A student was analyzing an unknown containing only Group IV cations. When the unknown was treated with 3M (NH4)2CO3 solution, a white precipitate formed. Because the acetic acid bottle was empty, the student used 6M HCl to dissolve the precipitate. Following the procedure of this experiment, the stu

  • Q : What are emulsions?Describe its

    Emulsions are colloidal solutions in which disperse phase as well as dispersion medium is both liquids. Emulsions can be broadly classified into two types: (i) Oil in water (O/W type) emulsions: in this type of emulsions, oil acts disperse phase and water acts

  • Q : How haloalkanes are prepared from

    Alkyl halides can be prepared from alkanes through substitution and from alkenes through addition of halogen acids or through allylic substitution.    From alkanesWhen alkanes are treated with halogens, chlo

  • Q : Explain structure basicity of amines.

    Basic character of amines is related to their structural arrangement. Basic strength of amines depends on the relative ease of formation of the corresponding cation by accepting a proton from the acid. Greater the stability of cation is, more is basic strength of amine.Alkyl a

  • Q : Molecular mass from Raoults law Provide

    Provide solution of this question. Determination of correct molecular mass from Raoult's law is applicable to: (a) An electrolyte in solution (b) A non-electrolyte in a dilute solution (c) A non-electrolyte in a concentrated solution (d) An electrolyte in a liquid so

  • Q : Molecular substances what are the most

    what are the most important inorganic molecular substances for living beings?

  • Q : Question related to colligative

    The colligative properties of a solution depend on: (a) Nature of solute particles present in it (b) Nature of solvent used (c) Number of solute particles present in it (d) Number of moles of solvent only

  • Q : What is covalent radii? Explain its

    Average covalent radii can be assigned on the basis of molecular structures. The accumulation of structural data by spectroscopic studies and both electron and x-ray diffraction studies allows one to investigate the possibili

  • Q : Problem based on molecular weight

    Select the right answer of the question. Molecular weight of urea is 60. A solution of urea containing 6g urea in one litre is : (a)1 molar (b)1.5 molar (c) 0.1 molar (d) 0.01 molar