--%>
Assignment Help - homework help

How to establish nomenclature for halides?

In the common chemistry terminologies, aliphatic halogen derivatives are named as alkyl halides. The words, n-, sec-, tert-, iso-, neo-, and amyl are usually used in written in the common names. In IUPAC system, they are considered as derivatives of corresponding alkanes and are named as haloalkanes. It may be noted that the common name of any alkyl halide is written as two separate words whereas the IUPAC name of the alkyl halide is written as one word.

The dihalogen derivatives having same type of halogen atoms on the same carbon are known as germinal dihalides and are assigned common name alkylidene halides or alkylidene dihalides.

The dihalogen derivatives having the two similar halogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms are known as vicinal dihalides and are assigned common name alkylene or alkylene dihalides.

Trihalomethnanes are called haloforms in trivial system.

Fully halogenated hydrocarbons are known as perhalohydrocarbons. For example, C2Cl6 is known as percholoroethane.

Haloarenes are named by prefixing the halogen and its position, if necessary, to the name of the parent aromatic compound.

In writing the common names, the relative positions of the substituents at 1, 2-; 1, 3- and 1, 4- positions are indicated by prefixes ortho (o-), meta (m-) and para (p-), respectively. 

Isomerism in haloalkanes

Haloalkanes can exhibit the following kinds of isomerism:
    
Chain isomerism

The haloalkanes with four or more carbon atoms exhibit this kind of isomerism. For example,

1267_halides.png 
    
Position isomerism

The haloalkanes with three or more carbons show this kind of isomerism.

For example C3H7Br has two position isomers.

863_halides1.png

   Related Questions in Chemistry

  • Q : Chemical formula of detergent Describe

    Describe the chemical formula of detergent?

    		•
  • Q : Problem on physical and thermodynamic

    The shells of marine organisms contain calcium carbonate CaCO3, largely in a crystalline form known as calcite. There is a second crystalline form of calcium carbonate known as aragonite. Physical and thermodynamic properties of calcite and aragonite at 298

    		•
  • Q : Reducible Representations The number of

    The number of times each irreducible representation occurs in a reducible representation can be calculated.Consider the C2v point group as described or Appendix C. you can see that (1) sum of

    		•
  • Q : Molarity of Sulfuric acid Choose the

    Choose the right answer from following. What is the molarity of H2SO4 solution, that has a density 1.84 gm/cc at 35c and contains solute 98% by weight: (a) 4.18 M (b) 8.14 M (c)18.4 M (d)18 M

    		•
  • Q : Means of molal solution Choose the

    Choose the right answer from following. A molal solution is one that contains one mole of a solute in: (a) 1000 gm of the solvent (b) One litre of the solvent (c) One litre of the solution (d) 22.4 litres of the solution

    		•
  • Q : Explain the catalyst definition and

    Catalyst is a substance which accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any change in its chemical composition or mass during the reaction. The phenomenon of increasing the rate of a reaction with the help of a catalyst is known as catalysis.

    		•
  • Q : Mole fraction in vapours Choose the

    Choose the right answer from following. If two substances A and B have P0A P0B= 1:2 and have mole fraction in solution 1 : 2 then mole fraction of A in vapours: (a) 0.33 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.52 (d) 0.2

    		•
  • Q : Precipitation Addition of conc. HCl to

    Addition of conc. HCl to saturated Bacl2 solution precipitates Bacl2 ; because of the following reason : (a) It follows from Le Chatelier's principle (b) Of common-ion effect (c) Ionic product (Ba++)(cl) remains constant in a saturated sol

    		•
  • Q : Explain polyhalogen compounds with

    Carbon compounds containing more than one halogen atom are called polyhalogen compounds. Most of these compounds are valuable in industry and agriculture. Some important polyhalogen compounds are described as follows:

    Q : Why aryl halides are less reactive?

    Aryl halides are much less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions than haloalkanes. The less reactivity of aryl halides can be described

    		•