Question: module 6 dq 2 argument Deliah
Researchers note that although multiple cases are preferred there is no set number of units to be researched. The units researched depend on the numbers that can establish validity and reliability to the research and the research questions and propositions. Rowley (2002) posits first, a research design is the logic that links the data to be collected and the conclusions to be drawn to the initial questions of a study; it ensures coherence. Another way of viewing a research design is to see it as an action plan for getting from the questions to conclusions. It should ensure that there is a clear view of what is to be achieved by the case study. This involves defining the basic components of the investigation, such as research questions and propositions, appreciating how validity and reliability can be established, and selecting a case study design. Therefore, case selection must be determined by the research purpose, questions, propositions and theoretical context, but there will also be other constraints that impact on case selection. Rowley (2002) further asserts multiple case designs are preferred. On the basis of the replication logic discussed above, multiple cases can be regarded as equivalent to multiple experiments. The more cases that can be marshalled to establish or refute a theory, the more robust are the research outcomes. A frequent question is how many cases should be included in a multiple case study. There is no simple answer to this question. Cases need to be carefully selected so that they either produce similar results (literal replication), or produce contrasting results but for predictable reasons (theoretical replication). Typically within say six to ten cases, a few cases might be used to achieve literal replication, whereas others might be designed to peruse other patterns of theoretical replications. If all of the cases turn out as predicted then there is strong evidence for the initial set of propositions. If, however, the cases reveal a variety of different outcomes, it may be necessary to revisit the propositions, and consider conducting further research. The number of cases depends on the nature of the propositions to be substantiated.