Problem: How can I make notes with bullet points in this paragraph? A word of caution: Advocates of physical punishment sometimes argue that making physical punishment more normative would or eliminate its harmful effects. This argument neglects the question of whether the societal rate of physical punishment affects the societal level of violent behavior. Lansford and Dodge (2008) addressed this issue in a study of 186 cultures distributed across the six major regions of the world. More harsh and frequent use of physical punishment, they found, was related to more warfare, interpersonal violence, and inculcation of aggression in children. Thus, although the link between children's individual experience of punishment and aggressive behavior is weaker in cultural groups where physical punishment is normative, those groups that use more physical punishment also exhibit higher levels of violence. By making physical punishment normative, the overall impact could be an increase in societal aggression and hostility as children internalize cultural norms and generalize them to using physical force to solve problems (Deater-Deckard et al., 2003). The net result would be higher levels of violence in cultural groups in which physical punishment of children is the norm. Need Assignment Help?