For each of the following events affecting the stockholders" equity of Willis, indicate whether the event would: increase retained earnings (IRE), decrease retained earnings (DRE), increase common stock (ICS), or decrease common stock (DCS).
(a) Issued new shares of common stock.
(b) Paid a cash dividend.
(c) Reported net income of $75,000.
(d) Reported a net loss of $20,000.