(A) T F A p-value larger than the level of significance α indicates sufficient evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is true.
(B) T F A defendant in a criminal trial is considered not guilty (i.e. innocent) until proven guilty. If there is insufficient evidence to establish guilt, a jury must consider a defendant to be not guilty even when it is true that the defendant committed the crime. The same analogy holds true in hypothesis testing where the statement in the null hypothesis corresponds to considering the defendant not guilty. Evidence against the null hypothesis is established based on the available data. When there is little evidence then the null hypothesis cannot be rejected and we continue to believe in it.
(C) T F A t-statistic counts the number of estimated standard errors a sample mean is above or below the hypothesized value μ0.
(D) T F A 95% confidence interval for the average distance Americans walk every day ranges from 2.14 to 5.85 miles. We can interpret this confidence interval as follows: "95% of all American walk on average between 2.14 to 5.85 miles every day."
(E) T F Every normal distribution is bell-shaped but not every bell-shaped distribution is a normal distribution.
(F) T F The t-distribution has a mean of 0.