Question: A small hydraulic excavator will be used to dig a trench in hard clay (bucket fill factor = 0.80). The minimum trench size is 26 in. (0.66 m) wide by 5 ft (1.53 m) deep. The excavator bucket available is 30 in. (0.76 m) wide and has a heaped capacity of 3.1 cu yd (0.57 m3). The maximum digging depth of the excavator is 16 ft (4.9 m). The aver-age swing angle is expected to be 85°. Estimate the hourly trench production in linear feet (meters) if job efficiency is 70%.