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What are the advantages and disadvantages of data-aided versus non-data-aided synchronizers?
If the mean time between cycle slips is 1 day, what is the probability of cycle slips less than 1 hour apart? More than 3 days apart?
During aided acquisition it is desired that this loop be scanned throughout a 1000-radian uncertainty region in 1s.
Consider the operation of an open-loop symbol synchronizer whose band pass filter (BPF) has a bandwidth of 0.1/T hertz, where T is the symbol period.
A deep-space probe is moving away from the earth at a nominal velocity of 15.000 rids with a velocity uncertainty of ±3 m/s.
The receiver operates with a second-order PLL that has a pull-in range of ± 1 kHz. Assuming that the loop acquires using self-acquisition.
What is the definition of synchronization in the context of a digital communication system, and why is it important?
Why may a synchronization system that works well for a home radio receiver possibly be inadequate in a high performance aircraft?
The linearized loop equation depends on an approximation. What is that approximation, why is it appropriate for loops that are in lock or near lock.
Second-order phase locked loops have several advantages in their performance. and as the basis for phase-tracking performance analysis.
Why are continuous phase modulation schemes of increasing importance in modern communications system, and what synchronization challenges do they pose?
Describe a situation in which it may be appropriate to require a transmitter to synchronize itself to the expectations of a receiver.
The multiplexed composite is to be made up of inverted sidebands and is to occupy the spectral region from 30 to 50 kHz.
A receiver is tuned to receive the lower sideband (LSB) of a radio-frequency (RF) carrier wave with frequency, fc = 8 MHz.
Why do binary and 4-ary orthogonal frequency shift keying (4-FSK) manifest the same bandwidth-efficiency relationship?
Explain how you would proceed with the problem if the channel were specified as a Gaussian channel instead of a BSC.
The coded modulation is 8-PSK. and the un coded reference is 4-PSK. The trellis structure is formed from time tkto time tk.
For MPSK modulation, bandwidth efficiency increases with higher-dimensional signaling, but for MFSK, it decreases. Explain why this is the case.
Consider the assortment of signaling elements that flow through a typical system. and describe the subtle energy and rate transformations.
Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) as manifesting the same bit-error-probability relationship.
Although trellis-coded modulation schemes do not require additional bandwidth or power, their use still involves a trade-off.
When using TCM, how much waveform redundancy is sufficient to realize the benefits of coding (improved error performance or increased capacity)?
In a TCM trellis diagram, when are parallel paths required in order to comply with the linger boeek partitioning rules? What is the result of violating.
A high-performance aircraft is transmitting an un modulated carrier signal to a ground terminal. The ground terminal is initially in phase lock with the signal.
Show that the loop bandwidth of a first-order phase-locked loop is given by BL = K0/4, where Kr, is the loop gain.