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these addressing modes are with immediate addressing no lookup of data is essentially required. the data is located in the operands of the
just the once the instruction has been fetched and is accumulated the next step is to decode the instruction so as to work out what actions should be
one time a program is in memory it has to be executed. to do this each instruction must be appeared at decoded and acted upon in turn until the
for a processor to be able to process an instruction it requires to be able to determine what the instruction is asking to be carried out. for this
when software is installed onto a modern day personal computer most commonly from a cd-rom though other media or downloading from the internet is
the system bus is a cable which carries data communication among the major components of the computer as well as the microprocessor. not all of the
different kinds of registers are general between most microprocessor designs. these are program counter pc this register is utilized to
quea register is a memory location surrounded by the cpu itself designed to be rapidly accessed for purposes of fast data retrieval. processors
the three main elements of the control unit are 1.decoder this is used to decode the instructions that create a program when they are being
alus tasks and their suitable subcomponents addition and subtraction these two tasks are carried out by constructs of logic gates such as
the alu or the arithmetic and logic unit is the part of the processor that is occupied with executing operations of an arithmetic or logical nature.
as there are many variations in architecture between the different kinds of cpu we shall begin my looking at an easy model of the structure.
cpu structure this section with a simplified model of a central processing unit as an instance takes you through the role of each of the major
the microprocessor is at times referred to as the 3939brain3939 of the personal computer and is responsible for the processing of the instructions
a set of process is in a deadlock state if each process in the group is waiting for an event that can be caused by only another process in the set.
description a semaphore is a confined variable whose value can be accessed and changed only by the operations p and v and initialization
proposal a disabling interrupts hardware solution every process disables all interrupts just after entering in its critical section and
the key to preventing problem involving shared storage is get some way to prohibit more than one process from reading and writing the shared
in view of the fact that processes frequently need to communicate with other processes therefore there is require for a well-structured interaction
a multilevel queue scheduling algorithm divides the ready queue in several separate queues for example in a multilevel queue scheduling
multilevel feedback queue-scheduling algorithm enables a process to move among queues. it uses a number of ready queues and acquaintances a
priority scheduling the fundamental idea is straightforward each process is assigned a priority and priority is permitted to run.
the srt is the preemptive complement of sjf and helpful in time-sharing environment. in srt scheduling the process with the least estimated
it is also known as shortest-process-next spn. shortest-job-first sjf is a non-preemptive order in which waiting job or process with the
round robin rr is one of the simplest oldest fairest and most extensively used algorithms. in the round robin scheduling processes are posted in