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potassiumpotassium the third most abundant mineral in the body is the major cation in intracellular fluid forages are excellent source of potassium
magnesiummagnesium is closely related to calcium and phosphorus in its dispersion and functions in the body most of the bodyrsquos magnesium is found
phosphorusphosphorus has been known as ldquomaster mineralrdquo because it is involved in most metabolic processes phosphorus which is stored in
calcium the calcium content in forages is affected by species plant part leaf versus stem plant maturity soil content of calcium and climate
soil ndash plant ndash animal relationshipthe plants derive the minerals from soil and the animals from the plants feed they consume and there is a
mineral supplements and mineral supplements and enhancing the bio-availability of mineralsthe proper balance of protein energy vitamins and minerals
urea molasses mineral block ummb licksdevelopment of urea molasses mineral block licks is another technology being increasingly used in several parts
protection of protein meals or bypass proteinthe protein of oil cakes having higher protein degradability such as groundnut cake mustard cake are
rumen protection of nutrient bypass nutrients technologythe amino acid and energy requirements of medium and high yielding cows and buffaloes are
complete feed blocksfor manufacturing the pellets processes such as grinding mixing steaming and pressing and some times extruding are applied using
efficiency of feed utilization on complete feedsthe complete diet concept is based on group rather than individual feeding and usually involves much
complete feed system in ruminantscomplete feed system for feeding dairy animals is a departure from conventional individual rationing method it
nutrient stability as affected by processing of feedsnutrient stability under normal conditions of storage and processing is one of the important
sea weedsbesides lakes rivers and ponds india has two thousands kilometers long coastline and wide variety of aquatic plants are abundantly available
animal wasteslarge quantities of animal wastes are available in the country but generally they are low in nutrient content with poor feeding value to
other agro-industrial byproductssupply of nutrients in the livestock ration can be maintained by using the locally available industrial byproducts
processing of wastes from food industryvarious cellulosic wastes are available abundantly from food processing industry such as fruits and vegetable
problems with untreatedammoniated crop residuesbesides the low energy and protein contents crop residues generally contain low content of minerals
steam treatmentsteam treatment of crop residues under pressure has recently opened a new vista for their nutritional improvement especially in the
soakingsoaking is an another inexpensive processing method which does not require much technical know how is commonly practiced for improving the
agro industrial-baling and cubingbailing is one of the most common processes used for the conservation of green fodders and grasses in many developed
choppinggrindingthese are the processes by which the particle size of cereals oil cakes and roughages including green fodders and crop residues is
processing of roughageroughages constitute the bulk of the ration of farm animals and these include green fodder leguminous and non-leguminous
codex code of practicecodex alimentarious commission cad was established in 1963 with the objective to develop international food safety standards to
feed adulterantsadulteration of raw material is creating a serious problem for manufacturing the good quality feed as the trading of raw ingredients