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permeabilitypermeability is the ability of a soil to transmit water or air permeability or infiltration rate is measured in terms of the rate of
available and non-available wateryou have seen above that water is present even in the apparently dry soils but it is of not much use as far as the
hygroscopic coeflicientto have a more complete picture of soil moisture relations let us take a soil sample and oven dry it for 24 hours at 11oc now
retention of soil moisturethe movement of water into and within the soil moisture storing capacity of soils and the availability of moisture to
forms of soil watergravitational water or ground water after a heavy rain or irrigation much of the water drains or sinks downwards this is called
soil watersoil water relationship is very important in the fist place the supply of large quantities of water is necessary to satisfy the
light and heavy soilsthe presence of silt and especially clay in a soil imparts to it a fine texture and a slow water and air movement such a soil is
aeolianwind transported materials constitute this category this can be further divided into dunes or loess dunes are found in thramp types of
alluvialmaterials of this categoya re deposited by running water in the form offroodplains river terraces deltas and alluvial fans these deposits
colluvialthese are the soils formed from the material transported by the pull of gravity fragments from cliffs or steep rocky slopes become dislodged
transported soilsthese soils are formed from the weathered material which is transported and deposited away from the site of origin depending upon
residual soilsresidual soils are formed at the same site where the weathering of the parent rock has taken place or soils formed in situ from the
mineralisation and humificationas a result of physical weathering the rocks are broken down into smaller particles but this is not the true soil and
chemical weatheringthe rocks while getting disintegrated may also undergo chemical change water is an important agent in bringing about chemical
physical weatheringmechanical forces acting upon the rocks cause physical weathering temperature fluctuations cause expansion and contraction of rock
soil-environmental componentsthe word soil is derived from latin word solum meaning earthy material in which plants grow the soil is the consolidated
ecological adaptations in animals to desert environmentin response to scarcity of water animats adcipt vario6s strategies to conserve or prevent loss
non-succulent perennialsthese are actually the true xerophytes or drought resistants because they possess a number of morphological anatomical and
types of xerophyteson the basis of their mbrphology physiology and life cycle pattern xerophytes are generally classified into the following
xerophytesxerophytes are sometimes loosely defineri as plants of dry habitats but others have defined xerophytes as plants which grow on the
mesophytesthese plants grow in moist habitats and well-aerated soils they prefer soil and air of moderate humidity but fail to swive in areas with
droughtdrought refers to a condition of water shortage and it can result from many reasons frequently less than the normal rainfall is a common cause
brackish waterthe content of dissolved salts in brackish water is higher than the fresh water and ranges between 05 to 35 these waters of
fresh waterwater a universal solvent invariably contains many soluble salts in fresh water the total salt content remains under 15 percent different
sublimation is the process by which solid water changes directly to vapour phase without passing through the intervening liquid phase the gradual