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adrenal medullathe adrenal medulla develops from the neuroectoderm of the embryomedulla consists of chromaffin cells or phaeochromocytes these cells
disorders of the adrenal cortex -i addisons disease this disease is caused by the deficiency of mineralocorticoids and
hormones cortical steroids corticoids-hormones of adrenal cortex are grouped into three catagories mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids and
parathyroid disorders -i hypoparathyroidism deficiency of pth it causes the lowering of blood calcium level this increases the excitability of nerves
hormone the chief cells of the parathyroids secrete a hormone called parathyroid hormone pth or parathormone or also called collips hormone after the
thyroid disorders -a hyperthyroidism hypersecretion of thyroid hormonegraves disease or basedows disease or parrys disease or exophthalmic goitre it
hormones the thyroid gland secretes following hormonesthyroxine tetraiodothyronine or t4 and tri-iodothyronine or t3 are secreted by the thyroid
pituitary disorders -a pituitary dwarfism it is caused by the deficiency of growth hormones gh from childhood it is characterised by small but well
a hormones of the anterior lobe -the anterioriobe of the pituitary gland secretes the following hormones most of them are trophic hormonesi
hypothalamus -hypothalamus develops from the ectoderm of the embryolocation and structure it lies below or inferior to the thalamus the hypothalamus
characteristics of hormones -1 they are regulatory chemicals that control and coordinate functions of different body organs2
types of hormones -i releasing and inhibitory hormones - hormones of hypothalamus and kidney renin which control secretion of trophic hormonesii
introduction -endocrinology - study of endocrine glands hormones and their effectsthomas addison - father of endocrinology described hormonal disease
artificial kidney -dialysis employs the process of diffusion across a semipermeable membrane to remove unwanted ureadialysis is of 2 types -1
transplant procedure -operation is done under general anaesthesia duration 3-4 hrscut is given in the lower abdomen donars kidney is transplanted
kidney renal failure - rf -partial or total inability of kidney to carry excretory functions is called rfit leads to uremia excess of urea in blood
functions of kidney -1 excretion of nitrogenous wastes2 maintenance of water balance or
disease concerned with kidney -1 pagets disease - abnormalities of kidney2 uramia - increases in quantity of
control of excretion -1 in brain hypothalamus is osmocentre that controls minerals2 cells of dct amp
mechanism of urine formation -production of urine is uripoisis or diuresis first of all it was explained by kushneynephron separates acidic urine
urinary bladder -pear shaped sac like situated in pelvic region of abdominal cavity ventrally placedlined by transitional epithelum detrusor muscle
uretersfrom hilum of each kidney emerges out a tube wall is thicklumen is star shaped 28 cm long transitional epithelium present in wallopen in to
excretion in prawn-a pair of antennary gland or green gland and a median renal sac presentgreen glands lie at the base of antennae amp open out by
excretion in cockroach-animal is uricotelic excretory organs are malphighian tubules60-150 in 6-8 groups in each group 10-15 yellow coloured blind
excretion in earthworm -main organs are nephredia pharyngeal integumentary amp septed nephrediamain are septal nephredia situated on septanephrostome