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access cavity perforation - types of root perforation can occur during access cavity perforation specially in anterior due to misdirection of bur
define types of root canal perforations according to locationaccording to location level in relation to crestal bone coronal perforation
define types of root canal perforations according to sizeaccording to size small perforation smaller than 20 endodontic instrument mechanical
define types of root canal perforations according to the time of treatmentaccording to the time of treatment in relation to occurrence fresh
define types of root canal perforations according to causes iatrogenic causes pathological
define the root perforationan endodontic perforation is an artificial opening in the tooth or its root created by clinician during entry to the canal
explain management of ledge - non-surgical endodontic retreatment place a bend of approximately 45 degree in the apical 1-2 mm of a 15 to 25 file by
explain ledge bypass - non-surgical endodontic retreatment ledge bypass - stst not nit cause it has shape memory ledges from outside the
explain the management of apical canal impediment well angulated radiograph coronal pre-flaring pulp champer flooded with sodium hypochlorite
nucleotidescompounds consisting of a nitrogenous base a pentose sugar and a phosphate
nucleosidescompounds formed from a nitrogenousbase and a penstose
management of canal impedimenta impediments are iatrogenic mishaps resulting from vigorous instrument short of theb appropriate working length and
define management of canal blockage canal calcificationdiamond coated instrument rt1 designed for better visibility and cutting efficiencya very
explain canal obstruction - non-surgical endodontic retreatment file work shorter than the normal apical and feel a great resistance
define the techniques of instrument retrieval endo extractor brasseler a hollow tube bonded to coronal tip of separated instrument by cyanoacrylate
explain wire loop and tube method1 use a 25-gauge dental injection needle cut to remove beveled end2 both ends of-mm diameter steel ligature wire
explain techniques for broken instrument removal described by gary carrstaging platform cutting in flat surfacea create straight line access to
define meitrac system instrument removal systema trephining bur to remove dentine and uncover the coronal end of the fileb extractor of appropriate
explain microtube and hedstorm file removal technique a hedstorm file was then passed down the length of the tube until it engaged itself tightly
explain the torsional failure - root canal testa occurs when the tip of the rotating instrument blinds locked in the canal while the motor continues
define mechanism of rotary instrument fracture - cyclic fatigueoccurs unexpectedly and without any visible signs of plastic deformation o an
define broken instrument removal procedures file or reamer gates-glidden peso drills lentulo spiral paste fillers thermomechanical gutta-percha
explain the canal obstructionfile work shorter than the normal apical and feel a great resistance to reach true lengtha a retained instrument o canal
explain micropener - non-surgical endodontic retreatment they are iso-colour coded flexible stst hand instruments it has
define techniques for detection hidden root canals three well-angulated periapical films for 3d morphology o with the cone directed straight on o