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extension of propositional logicaway from proving theorems directly and the other main use for rewrite rules is to prepare a statement just for
rule in a single direction - equivalences ruleshence there the power to replace sub expressions always allows use to prove theorems with
replacement and substitutionhowever equivalences allow us to change one sentence with another without affecting the meaning it means we know already
fermi level electrons in solids obey fermi-dirac fd statistics this statistics accounts for the indistinguishability of the electrons their wave
phenomenon - fet operationfor either improvement- or depletion-mode devices at drain-to-source voltages very much less than gate-to-source voltages
carrier concentrations for the calculation of semiconductor electrical properties and analyzing device behavior it is necessary to know the number of
gate terminal - field-effect transistorthe names of the terminals consider to their functions the gate terminal might be thought of since controlling
field-effect transistorthe field-effect transistor that is abbreviated as fet relies on an electric field to control the shape and therefore the
intrinsic material a perfect semiconductor crystal with no impurities or lattice defects no carriers at 0 k since the valence band is completely full
notations that are used in transistor circuits- hie h11e short circuit input
hybrid parameters or h - parameters- if the input current that is denoted as i1 and output voltage that is denoted as v2 are takes as independent
mixed mode simulator the circuit is preprocessed the test points and waveform markers are located in input and output of the circuit gnd net is set
effective massthe electrons wave-particle motion in a lattice is not the same as that for a free electron because of the interaction with the
charge carriers in semiconductors in a metal the atoms are imbedded in a sea of free electrons and these electrons can move as a group under the
metals semiconductors and insulators for electrons to move within an applied electric field there have to be states available to them a totally
mixed bondingdisplayed by iii-v compounds bonding partly ionic and partly covalentionic character of bonding becomes much more prominent since the
covalent bondingexhibited through the diamond lattice semiconductorseach atom enclosed by four nearest neighbors each comprising four electrons in
metallic bondingin metals the outer shell is filled through no more than three electrons loosely bound and given up easily gt great chemical activity
ionic bondinginstance naclna z 11 gives up the outermost shell electron of it to cl z17 atom so the crystal is build up of ions with the electronic
bonding forces and energy bands in solids electrons are controlled to sets of discrete energy levels in atoms with large gaps among them in which no
impurities in semiconductorscan be added in accurately controlled amountscan modify the electronic and optical propertiesused to change conductivity
energy gapdifferentiating feature between the metals insulators and semiconductorsascertains the absorption or emission spectra the leakage current
applications of semiconductorsintegrated circuits ics ssi msi lsi and vlsifluorescent materials used in tv screens ii-vi znslight detectors insb cdse
semiconductorsconductivity in among those of metals and insulatorsconductivity can be changed over orders of magnitude through changes in temperature
analysis of semiconductor devicesthere are two complementary techniques of studying semiconductor devices via numerical simulation of the