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the growth in communications over the past 60 years has been phenomenal the invention of the transistor in 1947 and the integrated circuit and laser
q explain about communication systemseven though most modern communication systems have only been invented and developed during the eighteenth and
alow-noise transducer is connected to an instrumentation system by a cable that generates thermal noise at room temperature the information-bearing
q illustrate signal attenuationsignal attenuation in many channels can be offset by using amplifiers to boost the signal level during transmission
q several forms of interferenceinterference may take several forms ac hum higher frequency pulses and whistles or erratic waveforms commonly known as
q what do you mean by interferencean information-bearing signal often becomes contaminated by externally generated interference and noise andor by
find the transmission bandwidth required of a data telemetry system that is to handle three different signals with bandwidths w1 1 khz w2 2 khz and
in order to demonstrate aliasing make a plot of the signalxt 3 cos 2pi10t - cos 2pi30twhich approximates a square wave with w 30 hz if the sample
q explain modulation and samplingmodulation is the process whereby the amplitude or another characteristic of a wave is varied as a function of the
a evaluate whether the sinusoidal signal xt a cos 2pif0t theta is an energy-type or a power-type signalb show that any periodic signal is not
q discuss the nature of sinusoidal signaldiscuss the nature of evenness and oddness ofa the sinusoidal signal xt a cos2pif0t thetab the complex
q explain periodic signals and fourier seriesin the study of analog systems predicting the response of circuits to a general time-varying voltage or
q explain source encoding or data compressionthe sequence of binary digits from the source encoder known as the information sequence is passed on to
q explain analog communication systemanalog signals in an analog communication system can be transmitted directly via carrier modulation over the
q show common signal-processing operationscommon signal-processing operations include the followingbull amplification to compensate for
q what do you mean by signal processingthe essential feature of communication control computation and instrumentation systems is the processing of
q show applications for dc machinesdc motors find wide applications in which control of speed voltage or current is essential shunt motors with
the following data apply to a 100-kw 250-v six-pole 1000-rmin long-shunt compound generator no-load rotational losses 4000 w armature resistance at
a 10-hp 230-v 500-rmin shunt motor having a full-load armature current of 37 a is started with a four-point starter the resistance of the armature
dc motor startingwhen voltage is applied to the armature of a dcmotorwith the rotor stationary no emf is generated and the armature current is
q show process of speed control of dc motorsequation showed that the speed of a dc motor can be varied by control of the field flux the armature
a 200-v dc shunt motor has a field resistance of 200 and an armature resistance of 05 on no load the machine operates with full field flux at a
q explain about direct-current machinesgenerally speaking conventional dc generators are becoming obsolete and increasingly often are being replaced
q show applications for synchronous motorswith constant-speed operation power factor control and high operating efficiency three-phase synchronous
two three-phase 66-kv wye-connected synchronous generators operating in parallel supply a load of 3000 kwat 08 power factor lagging the synchronous