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q why we use addressing schemes an operation code of an instruction tells the operation to be performed this operation is executed on some data
q pros and cons of general purpose register architecturegeneral purpose register architecture pros and cons registers can be employed to store
q define general purpose register architecturegeneral purpose register gpr architecture a register is a word of internal memory similar to the
q evaluation stack architecturea stack is a data structure which implements last-in-first-out lifo access policy you can add an entry to the with a
q explain fundamental instruction set characteristicslets look into a number of fundamental instruction set characteristics the operands can be
generally the instruction set architecture isa of a processor can be distinguished using five categories operand storage in the cpu - where are
q describe miscellaneous and privileged instructionsthese instructions dont fit in any of above categories io instructions start io stop io and test
q describe program control instructionsthese instructions specify conditions for altering the sequence of program execution or we can say in other
q what is stack and register manipulationstack and register manipulation if we create stacks stack instructions prove to be useful load immediate is
character and string processing instructions string manipulation usually is done in memory possible instructions comprise compare string compare
q define the circular shifts circular shifts rotate right androtate left bits shifted out at one end of word are not lost as in a logical shift
q illustrate arithmetic shifts with examplearithmetic shifts arithmetic shift left and arithmetic shift right are same as logical shift left and
q what is shift operationshift shift operation is employed for transfer of bits either to left or to right it can be used to comprehend simple
q illustrate logical data processing instructionsand or not xor operate on binary data stored in registers for illustration if two registers
q explain arithmetic data processing instructionsthese instructions carry outlogical and arithmetic operations on dataarithmetic the four fundamental
q define logical data as operand data typeevery word or byte is treated like a single unit of data whenever an n-bit data unit is considered as
q how the characters used in operand data typea common form of data is character or text strings characters are signified in numeric form mostly in
q number used as operand data typenumbers all machine languages comprise numeric data types numeric data generally use one of the three
q address - operand data typesaddresses operands residing in memory are specified by their memory address while operands residing in registers are
some of the fundamental considerations for instruction set design includes selection of a set of data-types for example integers long integers
q how many instructions in a computer a computer can have a vast number of instructions and addressing modes older computers with the growth of
q how is an instruction representedinstruction is signified as a sequence of bits a layout of an instruction is called as instruction format
for this machine there can be two more possible addressing modes in addition to direct andimmediate opcode field of an instruction is a group
q define opcode and operandsthe most common fields which are found in instruction formats areopcode what operation to perform an operation code
q what are the elements of an instruction as the function of instruction is to communicate to cpu what to do it needs a minimum set of communication