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Why may a synchronization system that works well for a home radio receiver possibly be inadequate in a high performance aircraft?
The linearized loop equation depends on an approximation. What is that approximation, why is it appropriate for loops that are in lock or near lock.
Second-order phase locked loops have several advantages in their performance. and as the basis for phase-tracking performance analysis.
Why are continuous phase modulation schemes of increasing importance in modern communications system, and what synchronization challenges do they pose?
Describe a situation in which it may be appropriate to require a transmitter to synchronize itself to the expectations of a receiver.
The multiplexed composite is to be made up of inverted sidebands and is to occupy the spectral region from 30 to 50 kHz.
A receiver is tuned to receive the lower sideband (LSB) of a radio-frequency (RF) carrier wave with frequency, fc = 8 MHz.
Why do binary and 4-ary orthogonal frequency shift keying (4-FSK) manifest the same bandwidth-efficiency relationship?
Explain how you would proceed with the problem if the channel were specified as a Gaussian channel instead of a BSC.
The coded modulation is 8-PSK. and the un coded reference is 4-PSK. The trellis structure is formed from time tkto time tk.
For MPSK modulation, bandwidth efficiency increases with higher-dimensional signaling, but for MFSK, it decreases. Explain why this is the case.
Consider the assortment of signaling elements that flow through a typical system. and describe the subtle energy and rate transformations.
Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) as manifesting the same bit-error-probability relationship.
Although trellis-coded modulation schemes do not require additional bandwidth or power, their use still involves a trade-off.
When using TCM, how much waveform redundancy is sufficient to realize the benefits of coding (improved error performance or increased capacity)?
In a TCM trellis diagram, when are parallel paths required in order to comply with the linger boeek partitioning rules? What is the result of violating.
A high-performance aircraft is transmitting an un modulated carrier signal to a ground terminal. The ground terminal is initially in phase lock with the signal.
Show that the loop bandwidth of a first-order phase-locked loop is given by BL = K0/4, where Kr, is the loop gain.
A first-order phase-locked loop with loop gain K0 is disturbed by additive white Gaussian noise of normalized (to unit signal energy).
What are the consequences of the Viterbi decoding algorithm not yielding a posteriori probabilities?
Describe the similarities and differences between implementing a Viterbi decoding algorithm and implementing a maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding algorithm?
Consider a voice-grade telephone circuit with a bandwidth of 3 kHz. Assume that the circuit can be modeled as an AWGN channel.
Consider that a 100-kbits/s data stream is to be transmitted on a voice-grade tele-phone circuit (with a bandwidth of 3 kHz).
A given source alphabet consists of 300 words, of which 15 occur with probability 0.06 each and the remaining 285 words occur with probability 0.00035 each.
Find the required capacity if 100 of the possible brightness-color combinations occur with a probability of 0.003 each.