Thalamus

Thalamus:

It is the largest portion of the diencephalon. This area contains a cluster of nuclei. Most of the sensory inputs are performed to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus. Axons carrying auditory, visual and other sensory information synapse with particular nuclei of this area. This region might also influence mood and common body movements due to the strong emotions like fear or anger.

Thalamus is the midline paired symmetrical structure in the brains of vertebrates, comprising humans. It is located between the cerebral cortex and midbrain, both in terms of place and neurological connections.

Its function involves special sense, relaying sensation and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, all along with the regulation of sleep, consciousness and alertness.

In human beings, two halves of the thalamus are prominent bulb-shaped masses, around 5.7 cm in length, placed obliquely (around 30°) and symmetrically on each side of third ventricle.

Thalamus derives its blood supply from number of arteries involving polar and paramedian arteries, inferolateral (i.e., thalamogeniculate) arteries, and posterior (i.e., medial and lateral) choroidal arteries. These  all are the branches of posterior cerebral artery.

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