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  Transmethylation

Transmethylation:

The transmission of methyl group from one compound to other is known as transmethylation and the enzymes included in the transfer are termed as transmethylases.

Transfer of methyl group generally includes methionine (amino acid consisting of methyl group). Through this process several significant, physiologically active compounds like creatine, thymine, epinephrine, and choline are synthesised in the body. Detoxification of specific toxic substances are as well performed through this process (example- nicotinic acid is detoxified through methionine into a nontoxic methyl derivative that is N-methyl nicotinamide).

Methionine is a standard methyl donor. It must be activated via ATP that needs amethionine activation enzyme of liver, termed as methionine adenosyl transferase. Through the action of this enzyme, methionine is transformed to activemethionine.

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So the active methionine created is termed as S-adenosyl methionine and in the activation reaction, ATP transmits it sadenosinemoiety to methionine and loses 3 molecules of phosphate, one like orthophosphate or Pi and two aspyrophosphate or PPi.

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Active methionine consists of S-m ethyl bond that is a high energy bond and therefore methyl group is liable and can be simply transmitted to a methyl group acceptor.

 

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