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  Nervous system

Nervous system:

The neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system. They aid in conducting the stimuli among the receptor organs-spinal cord, brain and effector organs. The neurons perform the stimulus as electrochemical events. Such sequential events include migration of ‘Na’ and ‘K’ ions exterior and within the neuronal cells. This phenomenon is termed as Sodium-Potassium pump. Such sequence of electro chemical events is termed as impulse.

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                                                                         Figure: A synapse

The junctions of neurons in nerve pathway are termed as synapses. A synapse is created between the bulb-like end structures of the axon known as boutons and the cyton or dendrite of the adjacent neuron. At the junction there is a gap termed as the synaptic cleft, that is generally around 10-20 nm. At this point, transmission of stimulus occurs via transmitter substances like acetylcholine.

In nervous system the bundles of parallel axons of the nervous tissue containing myelin sheath constitute the white matter. The collection of neurons having unmyelinated axons forms the grey matter.

The axons make up white matter of the CNS for the nerve tracts. They propagate action potentials. The grey matter executes integrative functions. The outer surface of the brain (i.e., cortex) and the central region of the spinal cord consist of grey matter. Inside the brain, collections of grey matter form centers termed as nuclei.

 

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