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  Management of hazardous wastes

Management of hazardous wastes:

Hazardous wastes might stay dangerous for thousands of years. The hazardous waste comprise metallic compounds, radioactive refuse, organic solvents, acid asbestos, pathological hospital wastes, organic cyanides, disposable medical equipments and apparatus.

The following techniques are accepted for the disposal of harmful wastes.

1. Landfills:

There are permanent storage facilities for military associated liquid and radioactive waste materials in secured lands. He high level radioactive wastes are stored in deep underground storage.

Wastes are cautiously controlled to prevent cross – mixing of reactive substances. The land fill is capped with impervious clay to prevent percolation and infiltration of water via the fill. Fill bottom is lined and given with drainage system to contain and eliminate any leakage that takes place. Monitoring the wells gives a final check.

2. Deep–well injection:

It includes drilling a well into dry, porous material beneath groundwater. Hazardous waste liquids are pumped into the well. They are soaked into porous material and made to stay isolated indefinitely. Though fractures in the impermeable layer might allow the injected wastes to escape and contaminate the ground water.

3. Surface impoundments:

This technique is used to dispose large quantities of water carrying relatively small quantities of chemical wastes. Surface impoundments are easily excavated depressions (ponds) into which liquid wastes are drained. The solid wastes settle and mount up while water evaporates. When the pond bottom is well sealed and when evaporation equivalents input, wastes might be stored in the impoundment indefinitely.

4. Incineration:

The harmful biomedical wastes are generally disposed off by means of incineration. Human anatomical wastes, toxic drugs, discarded medicines, blood, animal wastes, pus, microbiological and biotechnological wastes and so on are termed as Bio-medical wastes.

5. Bioremediation:

This is another quickly developing clean up technology. Cleaning the atmosphere with biological options like microbes and plants is termed as bioremediation. Some naturally taking place bacteria and other microorganisms have the ability to degrade or absorb or detoxify the wastes like heavy metals. Most of the plant materials are successfully employed as adsorbents for xenobiotics (i.e., phytoremediation). Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMS) are currently generated in large scale to eliminate the hazardous radionuclides and heavy metals like chromium, mercury, cadmium and so on. Certain plants like Gibberella fusarium were capable to breakdown cyanide and deduce it to a non-toxic form. The bacteria Pseudomonas, nicknamed as ‘super – bug’ are able in degrading the variety of toxic compounds and also degrade oil.

 

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