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  Haemocytometer

Haemocytometer:

The counting of blood cells subsequent to proper dilution is termed as haemocytometry and the instrument employed to count the blood cells is termed as haemocytometer. Using haemocytometry technique, red cells, platelets and eosinophils are frequently counted. Now-a-days it is also utilized for counting cells of yeast, bacteria, or algae.

Haemocytometer - instruments description:

A haemocytometer has a counting chamber, a cover glass for the counting chamber and diluting pipettes. Many kind of counting chambers are obtainable. Enhanced Neubauer and Fauchs Rosenthal are the two most generally used counting chambers in laboratories.

RBCs and WBCs in blood can’t be counted as such. The blood has to be diluted in particular isotonic solutions. RBC, diluting fluid is termed as Hayem’s solution. For WBC counting Turk’s solution or Toisson solution can be utilized.

The net number of cells is stated per mm3. The isotonic diluting fluid remains the cells intact. In WBC counting, the solution will lyse the red blood cells and the sustaining nucleated WBCs are counted. Venous blood is utilized in blood cells counting.

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                                                       Figure: Counting chamber front and side views

 

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                                                             Figure: RBC & WBC counting pipettes

 

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                                                           Figure: Counting chambers

Normal Range of RBCs in human is as shown below:

Men: 4.5 - 5.9 million/mm3
Women: 4.1 - 5.1 million/mm3
At birth: 4.0 - 5.6 million/mm3

Normal Range of WBCs in human is as shown below:

Adults: 4,500 - 11,000/mm3
Neonates: 10,000 - 25,000/mm3

Clinical importance:

1. Reduce in the number of circulating erythrocytes points out anaemia.
2. A raised number of erythrocytes points out the possibility of polycythemia.
3. A rise in WBC count for a transient period points out bacterial infection.
4. Progressive rise in abnormal WBC count points out the possibility of leukemia.

 

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