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  Use Cases Approach

Introduction to Use Cases Approach

When requirements are collected by the meeting. FAST and QFD analysis create a set of scenarios to describe to the user who the user will interact with the system. Some of the pioneers in object oriented methods formalized this into what is called the use cases approach. Use case is a very powerful tool during requirements elicitation, documentation and review. Also uses cases can be applied to projects that use other analysis approach not necessarily those using the object oriented approach.

A sue case is description of the interactions between a system and an actor external to the system. The actor may be a single person a group of persons or another system that interacts with the proposed system.

Once actors have been identified, use cases are developed Jacobson suggests a number of questions that should be answered by the use cases.

  • What main task or functions are performed by the actors?
  • What system information will the actor acquire, produce or change?
  • Will the actor have to inform the system about changes in the external environment?
  • What information does the actor desire from the system?
  • Does the actor wish to be informed about unexpected changes?

So the use case describes all the steps that the actor and the proposed system will need to perform to achieve a desired objective.

  • The use case can be described by one or a combination of the followings.
  • Derive the list of use cases from any available documentation of system requirements.
  • Identify the events to which the system along the actors must respond.
  • Identify all actors and list the processes in which each actor will interact with the proposed system.
  • Identify all business processes and use these to derive use case.

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Fig 3.5 shows a use case diagram using the notations of the unified modelling language UML developed by Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson. In the   figure the actor is represented as a simple stick figure and the use case are shown as ovals.

Use case diagrams provide a high level visual representation of the user requirements. Other scenarios are called alternative courses.

Once the use cases and actor are identified the following questions may be asked by the analyst to gather details of the use case.

  • What is the actor trying to achieve here?
  • What information will the actor have to provide the system and vice versa?
  • In what sequence will the information exchange take place?

As the details of the use cases are collected, each use case needs to be documented in the terms of description of the use case event that triggers the use case, and pre and post conditions.

After that, each use case must be reviewed, carefully. If any conflict or ambiguity is present, that should be discussed (and if required solved) during the review.

So that each use case will provide an unambiguous scenario of interaction between an actor and the software.

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