What is Structured Programming?
After having such hot discussions on three constructs set go to statement and various principle regarding to the structured programming, now the structured programming can be well defined and explained. In the light of these observations structured programming can be defined as:
Structured programming is the writing of code with go to statement kept to a minimum. Preferable only when an error is detected and always in the forward direction
But as in the previous discussions we have said that the use of go to statements should be avoided so the above definition can be modified, and a classical definition of structured programming is given as:
A product is structured if the code block are connected by sequence, selection and iteration only every block has exactly one entry and exit.
This definition looks better than the previous one. But now a question arises: can a program that is written using only the three structures claim to be well structured ? the answer is no it is possible to create a bad program structure using the three structures just as it is possible ( with greater difficulty ) to create a good structure that uses go to statements. To understand this concept we will discuss a number of example.
Example 1. Consider a badly structured program that has been written using many go to . if we now transform this into a program that uses the three structures we still have a badly structured program since we have some nothing significant to improve it.
Example 2. Consider a program to search a table for a required item.
Two alternative solutions are there. First one is the structured one and the
second one is the unstructured. However it is quite possible that neither of these is the best solution.
Example 3. Consider the program shown in fig 6.23, in which the item being sought is first placed at the end of the table.
This is arguably the best of the solutions it is less complex ( the condition in the while statement is simpler) and would execute more quickly on a conventional computer ( for the same reason that there is only one condition to test). This example illustrates that the use of approved structure does not necessarily guarantee the best design.
A structured program is essentially one that can be understood easily, and the most useful tool in understanding is abstraction. Abstraction is concerned with identifying the major elements of what is being studied, and ignoring detail. Such is the complexity of software that we have to do this in order to stand a chance of understanding it.
So now we can define structured programming as:
The systematic use of ( control and data ) abstraction in programming:
Abstraction can only be achieved if the control flow constructs are used in a disciplined way so that a part of structured programming is the avoidance of go to. For example consider the program in fig 6.24.
We can draw boxes around components as shown. Because it is built from limited control structures, we can view the program at all levels of detail as consisting of abstract components that have only one entry and one exit. If we exam one any sub system of the program. It is totally contained the boxes do not over loop. If we look in details at its contents, it does not suddenly sprout connections with other subsystems. Suppose that in the above program we inserted a go to shown in fig 6.25.
Notice though that throughout our discussion we have concentrated almost exclusively on control structures and have neglected references to data. Although a program that uses the three structures may have abstraction of control it may well have global data. This seriously weakens the abstraction since at any level of detail., all of the data have to be considered. So control and data both abstraction are important. There idea of abstraction is a powerful tool in constructing software that is understandable.
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