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  Uses of Radioactive Isotopes

Uses of Radioactive Isotopes:

a) Study of reaction mechanism:

Mechanism of photosynthesis in plants:

A small amount of Radioactive CO2 having radioactive oxygen O18 is mixed with normal carbon dioxide and the procedure is carried out. It has been determined that oxygen gas evolved all along with sugar formation is non-radioactive. Hence O2generated comes from water and not from carbon dioxide. Therefore the right mechanism is as shown below:

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

b) Study of hydrolysis of ester:

By labeling oxygen, the method of ester hydrolysis can be studied by employing water labeled with O18. The hydrolysis of an ester by water augmented with radioactive oxygen is point out as:

403_radioactive isotope.jpg

Hence it is the acid and not alcohol generated, that is radioactive confirming the above mechanism.

Radioactive isotopes that is helpful in medicine:

   Isotope                                              Use

1H3 Tritium                                Measure water content of the body
6C11Carbon-11                          Brain scan
6C14Carbon-14                          Radio immunology
53I131Iodine -131                      Diagnoses of damaged heart muscles and hyperthyroidism
80Hg197Mercury-197                  Kidney scan
15P32Phosphorous-32                 Detection of eye tumors
26Fe59Iron-59                            Diagnosis of anemia
27Co60Cobalt-60                        Treatment of cancer
11Na24Sodium-24                       Location of blood clots and circularity disorders
79Au198Gold-198                        Curing of cancers

Radio isotopes which are useful in industry and in agriculture

38Sr90 Strontium-90                    Thickness of coatings or levels of liquids in tanks

 

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