Occurrence of Aldehydes & Ketones Homework Help - K-12 Grade Level, College Level Chemistry

Introduction to Occurrence of Aldehydes and Ketones

Natural Products

Aldehydes and ketones are broad spread in nature, frequently combined with other functional groups. Illustration is displayed in the diagram. The compounds in the top row are found mainly in plants or microorganisms; those in the bottom row have animal origins. These molecular structures are all chiral, by the exception of the first three compounds (top row). When chiral compounds are found in nature they are generally enantiomerically pure, even though distinct sources may yield distinct enantiomers. For instance, carvone is found as its levorotatory (R)-enantiomer in spearmint oil, where, caraway seeds consist of the dextrorotatory (S)-enantiomer.
Note: the aldehyde function is frequently written as -CHO in condensed or complex formulas.

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Other nomenclature rules:

  • The carbonyl group is all the time numbered "1", in cyclic ketones,; this does not require to be included in the name. The numbering continues counterclockwise or clockwise to give the lowest number for the next substituent.
  • Molecules with more than 1 ketone group are named by preceding the suffix with a counting

Prefix (dione, trione, etc.); position numbers must be employed for each ketone group.

  • Aromatic aldehydes (consisting of an aldehyde group directly attached to a benzene ring) are named after the parent compound benzaldehyde. (The carbon to that the aldehyde group is attached is carbon "1").

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