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  Primary and Secondary screening

Primary and Secondary screening:

Primary screening:

Both detection and isolation of bigger yielding species from natural source material like soil, having a heterogeneous microbial population is termed as screening. There are two kinds of screening, viz., primary and secondary.

Primary screening comprises of certain elementary tests needed to detect and to isolate new microbial species exhibiting the preferred property. With antibiotic producers, primary screening programs serve to eliminate worthless micro-organisms on the basis of relatively simple, basic criteria. The significant selection criteria are the activity of antibiotics invitro, and possibly invivo, beside a small number of most significant test organisms. Primary screening is also required in the case of helpful microbial species. The illustrations of screening procedures are

1) Crowded plate method,
2) Auxanography,
3) Enrichment culture method,
(4) Utilization of an indicator dye.

Secondary screening:

Secondary screening is strictly necessary in any systematic screening program intended to isolate industrially helpful micro-organisms, as primary screening merely permits the detection and isolation of micro-organisms which possess potentially interesting industrial application. Moreover, primary screening does not give much information required in setting up a new fermentation procedure. Secondary screening aids in detecting really helpful microorganisms in fermentation procedures. The secondary screening provides answers to many questions which arise during the final sorting out of industrially helpful microorganisms. Secondary screening experiments are conducted on agar plates, in flasks or in small fermenters having liquid media or combination of such approaches. Secondary screening can be quantitative or qualitative in its approach. The qualitative approach, for illustration, tells in the spectrum or range of micro-organisms that is sensitive to a newly discovered antibiotic. Secondary screening must yield the kinds of information that are required in order to compute the true potential of micro-organisms for industrial usage. It must determine whether the micro-organisms are really producing new chemical compounds not formerly explained or, alternatively, for fermentation processes which are already recognized. Further it must determine whether a more economical procedure is possible. Secondary screening must reveal whether there is pH, aeration, or other critical needs related with specific micro-organisms, both for the growth of the microorganisms and for the formation of chemical products.

 

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