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  Laboratory Diagnosis

Laboratory Diagnosis:

The diagnosis of the herpes virus infection might be made by microscopy, virus isolation, antigen or DNA detection, serology.

Microscopy:

The Tzanck smear is a fast, fairly sensitive and inexpensive diagnostic technique. Smears are made from the base of the vesicles and stained with 1percent aqueous toluidine blue for 15 seconds. Multinucleated giant cells, faceated nuclei with ground glass chromatin (i.e., Tzanck cells) are viewed in a positive smear.

Intra nuclear type A inclusion bodies might be viewed in Giemsa’s stained smears.

The herpes antigen might be explained in smears or sections from lesions by the fluorescent antibody method.

Isolation:

Virus isolation stays the definitive diagnostic approach. Virus might be isolated from herpetic lesions (i.e., skin, cornea or brain).  It might also be found in throat washings, CSF and stool both during prime infection and during asymptomatic periods. Inoculation of tissue cultures is employed for viral isolation. The appearance of typical cytopathic effects in cell culture in 2 to 3 days recommends the presence of HSV.

Serology:

Serological techniques are helpful in the diagnosis of primary infection. Antibodies emerge in 4 to 7 days after infection and reach a peak in 2 to 4 weeks. They can be measured by NT (i.e., Neutralization test), CFT (i.e., Complement fixation test), ELISA, Radio Immuno Assay or Immuno Fluorescence

Control:

Transmission of HSV can be decreased by alleviating overcrowding, practicing simple hygiene and education regarding the infectious phases. Sexual transmission might be considerably reduced by the utilization of condoms.

 

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