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  Catabolism of lipids

Catabolism of lipids:

Lipids are triglycerides including fatty acids and glycerol. Fat or fat like substances are existed in all living cells.  Braun’s lipoprotein is existed in the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria. The Phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides of membranes and fat such as cytoplasmic inclusion-poly β hydroxybutyrate in bacteria are all simply fatty substances. Most of the microorganisms employ glucose as energy source though many of them can derive energy from lipids and proteins and also transform them to intermediates of glycolysis or TCA cycle.

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The lipids are broken down by enzymes termed as lipases to fatty acids and glycerol. The glycerol is phosphorylated into Glycerol-3-phosphate which is transformed to dihydroxyacetone phosphate that is splitted down via glycolysis. Fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation by the successive elimination of 2 carbon units. In that procedure acetyl CoA is formed that enters TCA cycle. The hydrogen atoms and their electrons go through the respiratory chain. Energy outcome per gram of fat is more than per gram of carbohydrate. That is why fat is believed as a reserve product that can be utilized whenever needed. Though, because of the restricted solubility of lipids only a few species metabolize lipids efficiently.

 

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