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  Azolla

Azolla:

Azolla is a genus of small aquatic fern which is native to Asia, Africa and America. Azolla species live in ponds, lakes, swamps and streams and small bodies of water. Azolla is principally employed as nitrogenous fertilizer in rice fields, especially in China and Vietnam.  They explain Azolla as a miniature of nitrogen fertilizer plant. Azolla is free floating aquatic fern that has symbiosis with Anabaena azollae, nitrogen fixing cyan bacterium, and that, by virtue of this property is appropriate for use as a green manure.  Azolla comprise of sporophyte with floating rhizome and small over lapping bilobed leaves and roots. The symbiotic relationship among the eucaryotic water fern and its procaryotic cyanobacterial symbiont Anabaena azollae has acknowledged much attention, since of its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and contribute significant quantity of nitrogen to rice crop. Azolla generates 20-25 tones of fresh biomass per hectare in a short period of 3 to 4 weeks. It is grown as mono-cropping and intercropping in rice field. Azolla could add 40-50 kg of N/ha per rice crop. The utilization of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer can be minimized by the use of proficient and potential nitrogen fixing Azolla. The Azolla genus belongs to the group Filicopsida, order-Salvinales, Family-Azollaceae. There are eight species found all through the world. They are:

  • Azolla pinnata var. pinnata,
  • A. pinnata var. imbricata,
  • A.microphylla,
  • A.caroliniana,
  • A.filiculoides,
  • A.mexicana,
  • A.rubra,
  • A.nilotica. 


Among the eight species A.pinnata var. imbricata and A.microphylla are broadly distributed.

 

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