Successive Electron Affinities

Successive Electron Affinities:

Since more than one electron can be introduced in an atom, it is termed as second electron affinity for the addition of two electrons and so forth. The first E.A. of active non metals is positive (i.e., exothermic) whereas the second E.A. yet for the formation of oxide or sulphide ion is negative (i.e., endothermic). For illustration, the overall E.A. for the formation of oxide or sulphide ions has been determine to be endothermic to the extent of 640 and 390 kJ mol-1 correspondingly.

X-(g) + e- + energy → X2-(g)

It is interesting to observe that the electron affinity of elements having d10 s2 configuration has been found out to be negative. This is consequently due to the accommodation of the electron in the higher p-orbital (i.e., Zn = -87 kJ mol-1, Cd = -56 kJ mol-1).

Elements of the group 17 have high electron affinity. The reason for this is that by picking up electron halogens achieve the stable noble gas electronic configuration.

The electron affinity is stated in kJ mol-1.

 

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