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  Chemical Properties of Halogen Family

Chemical Properties of Halogen Family:

1. Oxidising power:

A significant feature of the halogen is their oxidizing property that is due to high electron affinity of halogen atoms. The oxidizing power reduces from fluorine to iodine. Fluorine is the most strongest oxidising agent. It oxidises other halide ions to the halogens in solution or whenever dry.

F2 + 2 X– → 2F – + X2 (X– =   Cl –, Br –, I–)

Halogen of the low atomic number oxidises halide ion of higher atomic number.

2. Solubility:

Halogen, being non-polar molecules, does not dissolve to a considerable level in a polar solvent like water. Though, fluorine reacts with water and readily forming a mixture of O2 and O3.

2F2 + 2H2O → 4HF + O2
3F2 + 3H2O → 6HF + O3

Chlorine, bromine and Iodine are much soluble in organic solvents like CCl4, CHCl3 and generate yellow, brown and violet color.

3. Hydrides of the Halogens (i.e., Hydrogen halides):

i) All halogens react with hydrogen to make volatile covalent hydrides of formula HX.

ii) Such hydrides are termed as hydracids.

iii) The action of halogens towards hydrogen reduces from fluorine to iodine.

Hydrogen mixes explosively with fluorine even in dark. It joins with chlorine in the presence of sunlight and with bromine on heating. Hydrogen joins with iodine on heating and in the presence of catalyst.

iv) Hydracids are reducing agents.

v) Apart from HF, every hydrogen halides are gases. HF is a liquid since of inter molecular hydrogen bonding.

H – F .......   H –F .......   H–F .......  H–F

vi) The acidic character of HX is in the order shown below:

HF < HCl < HBr < HΙ.

 

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