FlipFlops and Registers

Introduction to Flip-Flops and Registers

In digital circuits, a flip-flop is a word that considering to an electronic circuit (a bistable multivibrator) which has two stable states and thus is able of serving as one bit of memory. Nowadays, the word flip-flop has come to mainly indicate non-transparent (clocked or edge-triggered) devices. A flip-flop is generally controlled through one or two control signals and/or a gate or clock signal.

IMPLEMENTATION

Flip-flops can be either clocked or simple (transparent). Simple flip-flops can be made around a pair of cross-coupled inverting elements: inverters, bipolar transistors, vacuum tubes, field effect transistors, and inverting logic gates contain all been employed in practical circuits.

Clocked flip-flops are usually implemented like master-slave devices spikes and noise among the short clock transitions; however they also frequently involve asynchronous clear or set inputs that might be employed to change the current output independent of the clock

RS (RESET-SET) FLIP-FLOP

An RS latch, constructed by a pair of cross-coupled NOR gates demonstrations of RS latch operation. The meaning of Red and black is logical '1' and '0', correspondingly. The basic latch is the simple RS flip-flop (also generally termed as SR flip-flop), in which R and S stand for reset and set, correspondingly. It can be created through a pair of cross-coupled NAND or NOR logic gates.

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The stored bit is exists on the output that is marked as Q. Generally, in storage mode, the R and S inputs are both low, and feedback keeps the Q and Q outputs in a constant state, along with Q the complement of Q. If S is pulsed high when R is held low, then the Q output is forced high, and remains high even after S returns low; likewise, if R is pulsed high when S is held low, then the Q output is forced low, and remains low even after R returns low.

D (DELAY) FLIP-FLOP

The D flip flop is the very common flip-flop that is use today. It is better termed as delay flip-flop (because its output Q looks such as a delay of input D) or data latch. The Q output employs the state of the D input on the moment of a positive edge when the clock pin (or negative edge when the clock input is active low). For this reason it is termed as the D flip-flop, because the output of it takes the value of the D input or Data input, and Delays it through maximum one clock count. The D flip-flop can be interpreted like a primitive memory cell, zero-order hold, or delay line.

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FIGURE: D Flip Flop Symbol

When the clock pulses, the value of Qnext is D and Qprev otherwise.

T (Toggle) Flip Flop

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Figure: A circuit symbol for a T- type flip-flop, where > is the clock input,T is the toggle input and Q is the stored data output

When the T input is high, the T flip-flop alters state ("toggles") when the clock input is strobe. When the T input is low, the flip-flop contains the previous value. This behavior is explained through the truth table:

Uses

  • A single flip-flop can be employed to store one bit, or binary digit, of data.
  • Any of the flip-flop type can be employed to build any of the others.

REGISTERS

A small amount of storage is known as a register. In digital circuits, a shift register is a cascade of flip flops, which sharing similar clock that has the output of anyone but the last flip-flop that connected to the "data" input of the next one in the chain,

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