Introduction
Fibers occur naturally, which can be modified and they can be synthesized. Their additions to other polymers impact the threadlike properties on them. Van der Waals forces, hydrogen-bonding, and cross-links are the most important intermolecular forces that influence formation of fibers.
Main content
They are thread as, spun, woven, long and thin materials. Obviously happening fibers comprise cotton, wool and silk. They lie extended out along side each other permanently through great tensile strength [can be pulled in the direction of the chain], because fibers are linear. They impart strength when they are inserted to plastics. Strength of the chemical links in the chains determines strength of the fiber polymer. Strong intermolecular attractions exist between chains, this disallow it from slipping and returning to random loops and coils, and gives it high degree of molecular orientation [not necessarily crystalline]. Enthalpy prevails over entropy in fiber polymers.
Van der Waal forces are strong sufficient to sustain alignments as seen in stereo regular chains of isotactic polypropylenes fitting mutually.
Intermolecular forces in fibers
The significant intermolecular forces in fibers are van der Waals forces, hydrogen-bonding, and cross-links. They make fibers to be simply pulled (through tensile strength). Therefore they can be woven and spun, to impart strength on materials. When drawn the polymeric material in fibers are stretched, fiber molecules are lined-up permanently. This tendency is supported via the strong intermolecular attractions and is responsible for enthalpy overcoming entropy, unlike in Elastomers.
Elastomer has elastic properties and is similar to fibers. Basic differences are thus:
Elastomers have elevated degree of elasticity and can be deformed while it still keeps its original shape. Its molecules are lined up as in fibers, but on stretching to deformity, chains of Elastomers don't remain extended and aligned but return to their original random conformations favored by entropy. They do not remain aligned since the intermolecular forces necessary to hold them this way are weaker than in fibers. Generally Elastomers do not have highly polar groups/ sites for H-bonding. As well extended chains don't fit mutually sufficient for van der Waal forces to do the job.
More examples of Natural and synthetic fibers
Natural fibers enclose wool, cotton and silk. Examples of synthetic polymers include polyamides [nylons], polyesters [Dacron, terylene, and vycron], polyacrylonitrile [orlon, acrilan], polyurethanes [spandex, vycra] and isotactic propylenes. Their structures have been previous seen. Rayon one of the 1st helpful fibers synthesized in the year 1865 is an instance of fibers that are long silk-like shining strands. They were progressed on via Louis Chardonnet and introduced to Paris in France in the year 1891. The word "rayon" is from ability of the fiber to shine. Another instance of synthetic fiber is vinyon, a copolymer of chloroethylene and ethenyl ethanoate. It has huge strength but of limited utilizes since of its low softening temperature of 650C.
Linear and branched polymers do contain materials utilized as fibers. This comprises the polyalkenes [polyethylenes, PVCs, polystyrenes]. On heating the polymer softens, that is why they are termed thermoplastics since they can be moulded or extruded. In polyesters and polyacrylonitrile, their polar carbonyl and cyano groups guide to powerful dipole-dipole attractions. In nylon and polyurethanes, molecular chains are held to each other via hydrogen-bonds, as following between 3 chains cross-bonded below:
Fig: Hydrogen bonding in crystallite of nylon
Tutorsglobe: A way to secure high grade in your curriculum (Online Tutoring)
Expand your confidence, grow study skills and improve your grades.
Since 2009, Tutorsglobe has proactively helped millions of students to get better grades in school, college or university and score well in competitive tests with live, one-on-one online tutoring.
Using an advanced developed tutoring system providing little or no wait time, the students are connected on-demand with an expert at https://www.tutorsglobe.com. Students work one-on-one, in real-time with a tutor, communicating and studying using a virtual whiteboard technology. Scientific and mathematical notation, symbols, geometric figures, graphing and freehand drawing can be rendered quickly and easily in the advanced whiteboard.
Free to know our price and packages for online chemistry tutoring. Chat with us or submit request at [email protected]
Theory and lecture notes of Divergence all along with the key concepts of World Distribution of Income Today, OECD Economies, Economies Converged, Iron Curtain, Policy: Post-Communism. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Divergence.
Activity Based Budgeting needs identification of activities of the organization, establishing the factors that cause costs, the cost drivers and then collecting the costs of the activities in cost pools.
tutorsglobe.com profits assignment help-homework help by online marginal productivity theory of distribution tutors
www.tutorsglobe.com offers answering questions to price elasticity of demand, perfectly inelastic demand, elastic demand, economics assignment help - homework help by tutor's help.
The business should also disclose the total assets for each segment and, if they are reported to management, the total liabilities. Any additions to non-current assets throughout the period have to be reported.
www.tutorsglobe.com tutorials - what is system, definition of a system and introduction of system in programming languages theory and concepts.
www.tutorsglobe.com offers Classification of Overheads homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by accounting tutors.
tutorsglobe.com rainwater harvest through bore wells assignment help-homework help by online collection of rainwater from terrace tutors
Central force and Scattering tutorial all along with the key concepts of Generic Central Force Problem, Properties of an Isolated Two-Body Central-Force System, Reduction to a one body problem, Dynamics of an Isolated Two-Body Central-Force System, Kepler's first law
tutorsglobe.com biofertilizer assignment help-homework help by online food microbiology tutors
TutorsGlobe.com Metals-Transition metals Assignment Help-Homework Help by Online Access Chemistry Tutors
tutorsglobe.com hmp shunt pathway assignment help-homework help by online carbohydrate metabolism tutors
tutorsglobe.com comparative statics assignment help-homework help by online intermediate microeconomics tutors
tutorsglobe.com mode of nutrition assignment help-homework help by online plant physiology tutors
tutorsglobe.com epidemiology assignment help-homework help by online streptococcus pyogenes tutors
1943849
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1453162
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!