Introduction
Fibers occur naturally, which can be modified and they can be synthesized. Their additions to other polymers impact the threadlike properties on them. Van der Waals forces, hydrogen-bonding, and cross-links are the most important intermolecular forces that influence formation of fibers.
Main content
They are thread as, spun, woven, long and thin materials. Obviously happening fibers comprise cotton, wool and silk. They lie extended out along side each other permanently through great tensile strength [can be pulled in the direction of the chain], because fibers are linear. They impart strength when they are inserted to plastics. Strength of the chemical links in the chains determines strength of the fiber polymer. Strong intermolecular attractions exist between chains, this disallow it from slipping and returning to random loops and coils, and gives it high degree of molecular orientation [not necessarily crystalline]. Enthalpy prevails over entropy in fiber polymers.
Van der Waal forces are strong sufficient to sustain alignments as seen in stereo regular chains of isotactic polypropylenes fitting mutually.
Intermolecular forces in fibers
The significant intermolecular forces in fibers are van der Waals forces, hydrogen-bonding, and cross-links. They make fibers to be simply pulled (through tensile strength). Therefore they can be woven and spun, to impart strength on materials. When drawn the polymeric material in fibers are stretched, fiber molecules are lined-up permanently. This tendency is supported via the strong intermolecular attractions and is responsible for enthalpy overcoming entropy, unlike in Elastomers.
Elastomer has elastic properties and is similar to fibers. Basic differences are thus:
Elastomers have elevated degree of elasticity and can be deformed while it still keeps its original shape. Its molecules are lined up as in fibers, but on stretching to deformity, chains of Elastomers don't remain extended and aligned but return to their original random conformations favored by entropy. They do not remain aligned since the intermolecular forces necessary to hold them this way are weaker than in fibers. Generally Elastomers do not have highly polar groups/ sites for H-bonding. As well extended chains don't fit mutually sufficient for van der Waal forces to do the job.
More examples of Natural and synthetic fibers
Natural fibers enclose wool, cotton and silk. Examples of synthetic polymers include polyamides [nylons], polyesters [Dacron, terylene, and vycron], polyacrylonitrile [orlon, acrilan], polyurethanes [spandex, vycra] and isotactic propylenes. Their structures have been previous seen. Rayon one of the 1st helpful fibers synthesized in the year 1865 is an instance of fibers that are long silk-like shining strands. They were progressed on via Louis Chardonnet and introduced to Paris in France in the year 1891. The word "rayon" is from ability of the fiber to shine. Another instance of synthetic fiber is vinyon, a copolymer of chloroethylene and ethenyl ethanoate. It has huge strength but of limited utilizes since of its low softening temperature of 650C.
Linear and branched polymers do contain materials utilized as fibers. This comprises the polyalkenes [polyethylenes, PVCs, polystyrenes]. On heating the polymer softens, that is why they are termed thermoplastics since they can be moulded or extruded. In polyesters and polyacrylonitrile, their polar carbonyl and cyano groups guide to powerful dipole-dipole attractions. In nylon and polyurethanes, molecular chains are held to each other via hydrogen-bonds, as following between 3 chains cross-bonded below:
Fig: Hydrogen bonding in crystallite of nylon
Tutorsglobe: A way to secure high grade in your curriculum (Online Tutoring)
Expand your confidence, grow study skills and improve your grades.
Since 2009, Tutorsglobe has proactively helped millions of students to get better grades in school, college or university and score well in competitive tests with live, one-on-one online tutoring.
Using an advanced developed tutoring system providing little or no wait time, the students are connected on-demand with an expert at https://www.tutorsglobe.com. Students work one-on-one, in real-time with a tutor, communicating and studying using a virtual whiteboard technology. Scientific and mathematical notation, symbols, geometric figures, graphing and freehand drawing can be rendered quickly and easily in the advanced whiteboard.
Free to know our price and packages for online chemistry tutoring. Chat with us or submit request at info@tutorsglobe.com
Movement of Water and Minerals tutorial all along with the key concepts of Moving Water and Mineral in the Xylem, Leaf Architecture, Structure of the Conducting Cells, Water Potential, Factors Affecting Transpiration
Plant anatomy (Ana = as under, tamnein = to cut) is the learning of inner structure and organization of plants, particularly of their parts by the source of dissection and microscopic examination.
tutorsglobe.com mitosis classification assignment help-homework help by online mitotic cell cycle tutors
tutorsglobe.com first transition series assignment help-homework help by online d block elements tutors
tutorsglobe.com cloning of sheep assignment help-homework help by online cloning tutors
Electron Configuration tutorial all along with the key concepts of Definition of Configuration, Electron Atomic and Molecular Orbitals, Notation, Grounds State and Excited State, Aufbau principle
tutorsglobe.com muscle tone assignment help-homework help by online muscles tutors
Concepts of Local and External Variables comprising the key concepts of Concepts of Local and External Variables, function strcopy, Function Arguments, Assignment help and Homework help
theory and lecture notes of mos transistor inverter all along with the key concepts of inverter dynamic characteristics and power dissipation analysis of cmos inverter. tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on theory of mos transistor inverter.
tutorsglobe.com plant viruses assignment help-homework help by online classification of virus tutors
tv and dvd are controlled through remote controls. one time it is switched on the screen is played. it operates the powers of the players with a specific distance.
Non-current assets will be apt to be the usual items like machinery and buildings. Cash Flow from financing activities is referred with the long-term financing of the business.
www.tutorsglobe.com offers management homework help, management assignment help, live management homework assistance, online tutoring, mba assignments, mba homework help, by online tutors.
tutorsglobe.com km value definition assignment help-homework help by online derivation of m-m equation tutors
tutorsglobe.com division of labor assignment help-homework help by online labor tutors
1944353
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1446005
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!