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  Transfer RNA

Transfer RNA:

Transfer RNA is as well termed as soluble RNA (sRNA). The Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small molecule as compared with other types of RNAs.  It amounts to approximately 15% of total RNA of the cell.

The tRNA molecule carries out a number of tasks. The very much significant one is to work as a carrier of aminoacid to the site of protein synthesis.  There are approximately more than 20 types of tRNAs. Each tRNA is certain for a specific amino acid.

758_struc of trna.jpg


                                                                 Diagram: Structure of tRNA

In bacterial cell, there are above 70 tRNAs and in eukaryotic cells the no. is even greater.  There are four or five tRNAs certain for a specific amino acid and these are termed as isoacceptor tRNAs.

Structure of tRNA

The tRNA (Transfer RNA) comprises a cloverleaf type structure. The tRNA is synthesized in the nucleus upon a small part of DNA. In the year 1965, R.W. Holley recommended the cloverleaf model of tRNA. Hence tRNA molecule contains a single strand; it supposes clover leaf type structure by folding. There are 3 folds in the clover leaf tRNA. It comprises four arms that are

1. Anticodon arm,
2. D arm,
3. T Ψ C arm and
4.  Aminoacid acceptor arm.

The tRNA (Transfer RNA) molecules are created by 73 to 93 ribonucleotides. The acceptor arm takes an aminoacid. The anticodon arm comprises three anticodon nucleotides that will join with the complementary codon in mRNA throughout protein synthesis that is three nucleotides in the tRNA pairs along with three nucleotides of mRNA. In specific tRNAs in addition to these four arms an extra arm termed as variable arm take place as displayed in the diagram. The aminoacid acceptor and the anticodon arms are oriented in reverse directions.

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