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  Process of Urea

Process of Urea creation:

The following are the several reactions in the process of urea creation.

1. Carbamoyl phosphate formation:

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyses the activation and condensation of NH4+ and HCO3- to create carbamoyl phosphate.

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2. Citrulline formation from ornithine:

Ornithine transcarbamylase transmits the carbamoyl group of carbamoyl phosphate to ornithine, yielding citrulline.

The reaction takes place in the mitochondria thus that ornithine that is generated in the cytosol, must enter the mitochondria through a particular transport system. Similarly, because the remaining urea cycle reactions take place in the cytosol, citrulline has to be transported from the mitochondria.

839_urea process2.jpg

3. Argininosuccinate formation:
 
Citrulline goes through condensation with amino group of aspartate to create arigininosuccinate this reaction needs ATP, Mg2+ and the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase.

1106_urea process3.jpg

4. Formation of arginine and fumarate:
The enzyme argininosucccinase catalyses the removal of arginine from the aspartate carbon skeleton creating fumarate.

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 5. Formation of urea:

The fifth and that is the final reaction in the urea cycle is the hydrolysis of arginine through the enzyme arginase to yield urea and ornithine.

2396_urea process5.jpg

After that Ornithine is returned to the mitochondria for another round of the cycle.

 

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