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  Models proposed for the plasma membrane

Models proposed for the plasma membrane:

Monolayer Model:

Overton was the found to postulate that plasma membrane is a slight layer of lipid. He planned this since he found that lipid soluble substances are simply transported beyond the membrane.

Lipid Bilayer Model:

The amount of lipids exists in the erythrocyte membrane was almost two times that of its total surface area. This prepared Gorten and Grendel to suggest that lipids in the membrane exist like bilayers.

2192_lipid bilayer model.jpg

                                                   Diagram: Lipid bilayer membrane model

Unit Membrane Model:

This model was planned by Davson and Danielli and was shaped through Robertson. Experiments displayed that the surface tension of the biological membranes are lower as compared to that of the pure lipid bilayers, suggesting the existence of proteins in them. Relies on this, Davson and Danielli planned that proteins are smeared over the lipid bilayer.
While electron microscope was invented, plasma membrane emerged like three layers. Along with this observation, Robertson invented a unit membrane model that says that the proteins are exists on either side of the lipid bilayer. As per to this model, the membrane will be type of a lipid layer sandwiched among two protein layers.

1684_unit membrane.jpg


Fluid Mosaic model:

For plasma membrane this is the commonly accepted model. On the base of several experiments, S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson in the year 1972 proposed this model.

The necessary features of the Fluid mosaic model are as follow:

A. Lipids and proteins are exists in a mosaic arrangement under the bilayer.

B. Phospholipids work as a fluid matrix, where some proteins are integral and others are related with the surface of the membrane.

C. Lipids and proteins are movable in the membrane.

D. They can move laterally, rotate but not from one monolayer to the another.

E. The membrane is asymmetric in nature; the outer and inner leaflets of the bilayer are different in composition.

 

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