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  HMP shunt pathway

HMP shunt pathway:

Even though glycolysis and citric acid cycle are the general pathways through which animal tissues oxidise glucose to CO2 and H2O along with the liberation of energy in the create of ATP, some substitute pathways are as well discovered. The very much significant one is Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Pathway (HMP shunt). The pathway takes place in the extra mitochondrial soluble portion of the cells.

Dissimilar glycolysis and Krebs cycle that are mainly concerned with the generation of ATP, HMP shunt produces a dissimilar kind of metabolic energy - the reducing power. A number of the electrons and hydrogen atoms of fuel molecules are preserved for biosynthetic purposes than ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) formation. This cell’s reducing power is NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).

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The basic variation between NADPH and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is that NADH is oxidised via the respiratory chain to produce ATP while NADPH serves like a hydrogen and electron donor in reductive biosynthesis, for instance in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and steroids.

The pentose phosphate pathway’s first reaction is the dehydrogenation of glucose 6-phosphate via glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase to create 6-phosphoglucono δ -lactone.

Step 1:

Glucose 6-phosphate in the existence of NADP and the enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, creates 6-phospho glucono- δ -lactone. The 1st molecule of NADPH is generated in this step.

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Step 2:

The 6-phospho glucono δ -lactone is not stable and the ester suddenly hydrolyses to 6-phosphogluconate. The enzyme which catalyses the reaction is lactonase.

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 Step 3:

6-phospho gluconate further goes through dehydrogenation and decarboxylation via 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to create the ketopentose, D-ribulose 5-phosphate. This reaction produces the 2nd molecule of NADPH.

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Step 4:

The enzyme phosphopentose isomerase alters ribulose 5-phosphate to the aldose isomer, D-ribose 5-phosphate of it.
 
In a number of tissues, the hexose phosphate pathway ends at this point, and the complete equation of it is:

Glucose 6-phosphate →  Ribose 5- phosphate +
+ 2NADP+ + H2O            CO2 + 2NADPH + 2H+         

The complete result is the production of NADPH, for biosynthetic reactions and ribose 5-phosphate a reductant, a precursor for nucleotide synthesis.

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