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  Cell mediated immunity

Cell mediated immunity:

T cells are accountable for cell-mediated immunity. T cells are primarily created in the bone marrow and get its maturation and differentiation in the thymus gland. Later then maturation T cells migrate to secondary lymphoid organ. T cells are classified as per to their functions and cell-surface marker termed as CDs (clusters of differentiation). They are functionally categorized as T helper, T suppressor, T memory and T killer cells. T cells are related with specific types of allergic reactions called Delayed hypersensitivity and as well in transplanted organ rejection.

The Major Histocompatibility Complex abbreviated as MHC are unique to each individual and point out self-molecules and all the time these molecules are provided as reference whenever an antigen is presented and this assists the immune system to distinguish the self from non-self. Helper T (TH) cells as well known as CD4 cells activate B cells to generate antibodies against T-dependent antigens (generally protein in composition). TH cells recognize and bind to an antigen in association along with an MHC II on the surface of an antigen presenting cells abbreviated as APC and the APC (antigen presenting cells) cell secrete the cytokine IL-1 and induce the TH cell to secrete the cytokine IL-2. Just only TH cells that have been stimulated through an antigen have receptors for IL-2 and so these TH cells are particular for just only that stimulatory antigen. Production of IL-2 and another cytokines via these TH cells stimulates the cell-mediated (for example TC cells) and humoral (B cells- Plasma cell) immune responses. Within Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the Human Immuno deficiency virus (HIV) influences the T helper cells. Suppressor (TS) cells come out to regulate the immune response one time the antibody formation arrives at the sufficient levels. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8) recognize the viral infected cells and inject the molecule termed as Perforin to lyse the viral infected cells. A number of the activated T cells become T memory cells.

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                                 Diagram: Major Histocompatibility Complex class II with processed antigen

 

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