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  Catabolism of the carbon skeleton of amino acids

Catabolism of the carbon skeleton of amino acids:

The carbon skeletons left behind deamination are recognized like α-keto acids. They might obtain any one of the subsequent pathways:

i. Synthesis of amino acids:
They may obtain reductively aminated via reversal of transdeamination or go through transamination to form again the real amino acids.

ii. Glucogenic pathway:
The keto acids of a number of amino acids might get converted to the intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism like α    -keto glutarate, fumarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate,  and succinyl CoA and therefore could be transformed to glucose and glycogen and these amino acids are said to via glucogenic amino acids.

The pathways of 3 significant glucogenic amino acids are displayed below. Hence the routes differ with each amino acid, they all converge at the pyruvic acid’s stage.

1465_glucogenic.jpg

 
Glucogenic amino acids comprise more than 50 per cent of the amino acids, imitative from animal protein. The procedure of conversion of the keto acids of glucogenic amino acids to carbohydrate metabolites is termed as gluconeogenesis.

iii. Ketogenic pathway:
The keto acids created from the deamination of specific amino acids are related closely to fats than carbohydrates. They metabolise to create acetyl CoA/acetoacetyl CoA/acetoacetate (ketone bodies) that are the intermediates of fatty acid metabolism and not glucose and this amino acid are supposed to be ketogenic amino acids.

Ketogenic amino acids comprise just only a minority and follow specialised and complex pathways. Instances are leucine, phenyl alanine, isoleucine, and tyrosine. Between these, leucine is simply ketogenic, while the other 3 amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic.

 

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