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  Catabolism of DNA by Deoxyribonucleases

Catabolism of DNA by Deoxyribonucleases:

The nucleic acids presents mostly in the nucleus like nucleoproteins. These nucleoproteins in the diet are degraded through HCl to nucleic acids and proteins.

Nucleoproteins (HCl) → Nucleic acids + proteins     

Nucleic acids pass like such from the stomach and their catabolism begins in duodenum through various enzymes (nucleotidases, nucleases, and nucleosidases) that degrade the nucleic acids to pyrimidines, purines, and pentoses. Three dissimilar categories of enzymes that degrade the nucleic acids are explained below.

Nucleases:

The enzymes that degrade the nucleic acids are termed as nucleases. A number of them are particular for RNA and so termed as ribonuclease, and others for DNA and so termed as dexoyribonucleases, when still some others are able of attacking DNA and also RNA.

Deoxyribonucleases are further categorized in to two categories.

1. Exonucleases are the nucleases which attack just only the internucleotide bonds positioned at the ends of the nucleic acid.

Exonucleases are further categorized into two groups.

  • Those that attack the 3' end of single strand DNA knwon as 3' exonuclease
  • Those that attack the 5' end of the single strand DNA known as 5' exonuclease

These 2 enzymes are not particularly known as phosphodiesterases.   

1460_exonucleosis.jpg

                                                     Diagram: Sites of action of exonucleases

2. Endonucleases are the nucleases which attack just only the internucleotide bonds positioned during the length of the nucleic acid chain (in the middle).

Nucleotidases (Phosphatases):

Nucleotidases enzymes hydrolyse the nucleotides to the subsequent nucleosides and inorganic phosphate molecules.
               Phosphatase

Nucleotides     →        Nucleoside + Phosphate

Nucleosidases (Nucleoside phosphorylase):

The nucleosides acquired above either absorbed or degraded into bases and sugars via nucleosidases.
                      Nucleosidase
     Nucleosides     →        Sugar + Base

 

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