Antigens

Antigens:

An antigen is a foreign substance that is identified by the immune system. Antigens can be described as a substance which can combine particularly to the components of immune response like lymphocytes and antibodies. An immunogen is any substance which has the capability to evoke B or T or both B and T mediated immune reactions. Complete antigen cannot combine along with the antibody like antibodies are formed against particular regions on the surface of an antigen termed as antigenic determinant/epitopes.

Structure and Types of Antigens:

An antigen molecule might consist of some similar group or different antigenic determinant. The below diagram depicts that a cell which consists of different groups of molecules over the surface. Though only the group a and d has been selected for antigen processing. Therefore a and d are antigenic determinant. Generally antigens are multi determinant

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                                                                   Diagram: Antigen

Antigen possesses various unique molecular structures that can induce an immune response. Several antigens are proteins, lipoproteins, nucleoproteins, glycoproteins, or large polysaccharides along with a molecular weight greater than 10,000. To become an antigen the molecule has to comparatively comprise a higher molecular weight. Large antigenic molecule posses several antigenic determinant per molecule. Though the low-molecular-weight substance which can combine along with an antibody but cannot induce the creation of antibodies are termed as haptens. They can as well initiate antibody response while they are combined covalently along with a carrier molecule. Because antigens stimulate the immune response they are otherwise termed as immunogens.

 

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