Classification of bacteria based on the shape and arrangement:

The stiff bacterial cell wall finds out the shape of a cell. Usual bacterial cells are spherical (i.e., Cocci), straight rods (i.e., Bacilli) or rods which are helically curved (i.e., spirilla), some bacterial cells are pleomorphic that is, they can show a diversity of shapes example: Arthrobacter

Cocci bacteria come out in numerous characteristic arrangements based on their plane of division.

A. Diplococci:

Cells divide in one plane and stay joined in pairs.

B. Streptococci:

Cells divide in one plane and stay joined to form chains.

C. Tetracocci:

Cells are classified in two planes and build group of four cells.

D.  Staphylococci:

Cells are classified in three planes, in an irregular pattern, generating bunches of cocci.

E. Sarcinae:

Cells are divided into three planes, in a regular pattern, generating a cuboidal arrangement of cells.

Bacilli forms take place singly or in pairs (i.e., diplobacilli) or form chains (i.e., streptobacilli).  In Corynebacterium diphtheriae that is a bacillus species, the cells are arranged side by side similar to match sticks (i.e., palisade arrangement).

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