Several years ago, New Yorker Diana Bloom logged on to Craigslist, an online network that posts free classified ads, and offered her ser- vices as a tutor, editor, and translator. She's been making a living on the short-term jobs that come her way from the Web site ever since. A former English professor who couldn't find secure, long- term employment, Bloom works out of her home in order to care for her young son. Temp work is also appealing, she says, because "I'm not very outgoing, and getting my foot in the door to companies would have been hard."
Craigslist works in the other direction, too, with employers posting open- ings for jobs both permanent and temporary. Another New Yorker, Simone Sneed, scours the Craigslist "Gigs" section for jobs that last for perhaps a day, often for just a few hours. Whether as a backup singer or a grant writer, she's turned the strategy of patching together "gigs" into a convenient way to supplement the income from her full-time job. "I'll use the extra money to pay off my school loan," she says. "Every little bit helps." In the current economic climate, unfortunately, overall job postings are down on Craigslist-and everywhere else-except for short-term gigs that usually include no health benefits, sick days, or paid vacations. If you're employed short term or part time for eco- nomic reasons (probably because you got laid off), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) classifies you as "underemployed." Naturally, most people who are "underemployed" are, by definition, "overqualified." In fact, they often have years of profes- sional experience but are willing to take jobs that don't call for their levels of training or experience. Take the case of Gloria Christ. Asnational project manager for an information-technology company in the Chicago area, Christ used to coordinate the installation of WiFi hotspots all over the country. She has several years of mana- gerial experience that she is willing to put to use as a temporary office manager. Of course, she'd like something with a little more long-term promise: "At this point in time," she says, "I think even if there was something that was temporary it could become full time later on. . . . Sometimes," she explains, "you can go in at a low level to interview just to get your foot in the door."
tion (so to speak), but because of the recent economic situa- tion, although many compa- nies are reluctant to add costly, permanent jobs, they are increasingly willing to open up temporary positions to tide them over. Often, of course, you'll have to take a job that isn't exactly what you've trained for or set your sights on, but as one employment- services manager observes, job seekers today "are more than willing to try new occupations-much more willing than they were even a year ago." Interestingly, for many people, the adjustment to current labor- market conditions isn't necessarily as traumatic as you might think. A recent survey conducted by the temporary-staffing agency Kelly Services found that as many as 26 percent of employed American adults regard themselves as "free agents" when it comes to the type of job that they're willing to take (up from 19 percent in 2006). Of all those polled, only 10 percent said that they're doing temporary work because they've been laid off from permanent jobs; 90 percent said that they're doing it because they like the variety and flexibility that temping afford them.
Kelly client Jaime Gacharna's first assignment was packaging products for a light-industrial wholesaler-"putting doorknobs into little bags," he recalls. Since then, he's worked for eight different employers, working at a job for a few days, a few weeks, or a few months. He doesn't mind the constant adjustments because the variety in his work-life compensates for the drawbacks. "If I want to try something out, and I like it," says Gacharna, "I can stay with [the company]. If I don't, I can always just call up Kelly and say I want something different." In fact, temping offers several advantages. It can provide income during career transitions and it's a good way to exercise a little con- trol over the balance between your work and the rest of your life. In 1995, for example, when she was seven months pregnant with her first child, veteran retail manager Stacey Schick accepted a 2-week- data-entry job with the Orange County (New York) Association of Realtors. "I didn't know how to turn on a computer," she remembers, but "they needed bodies." Now the mother of two, Schick is still with the Association as its education coordinator. "I would never have considered it," she says, if a job in her field had come up, but the job she landed in has turned out to be a much better fit with her lifestyle: "It's afforded me the opportunity to have a family and be able to have time with them."
The path taken by Schick, called "temp-to-perm," offers employers several advantages as well. Companies that are hesitant to make commitments to untested employees can try before they buy-they get a chance to see employees in action before finalizing hiring decisions. Because there are no fees to pay when an employee goes from temp to perm, trying out temps is also cheaper than pay- ing an agency outright to find a hire. The big savings, of course, come from benefits, which can amount to one-third of the total cost of compensating a permanent position.
And then there's the economy. While many employers have laid off full-time workers, others have tried to compensate by turningover some work to temp staff. Ironically, of course, many of those who've been laid off are highly qualified, and as they hit the job mar- ket willing to accept lower-level positions, the ranks of job hunters are being joined by a substantial number of overqualified workers. "The quality of candidates," says Laura Long of Banner Personnel, a Chicago-area staffing agency, "is tremendous. . . . As an employer, you can get great employees for a great price." As a matter of fact, if you're a U.S. employer, you've always been able to get temp workers at a relatively good price. As of December 2013, according to the BLS, the average cost of a full-time worker in private industry was $23.38 per hour in wages plus $10.52 in ben- efits, for a total of $33.90 in compensation. By contrast, the average wages for a temp were $12.09 and average benefits were $3.25, for total compensation of $15.35. One result of this cost differential has been a long-term increase in the number of temp workers, which over the last 25 years has far outstripped the increase in jobs occu- pied by full-time workers. 59
1. You're a senior manager at a growing business and you're ready to add employees. Your HR manager has recommended a temp- to-perm policy. You know the advantages of this approach, but what might be some disadvantages?
2. Assume that you're a prospective job seeker (which you may very well be). What do you personally see as the advantages and disadvantages of taking a temp-to-perm position? Under what circumstances are you most likely to take a temp-to-perm position?
3. What challenges are likely to confront a manager who super- vises a mix of temporary and permanent employees? In what ways might these challenges differ if the temporary workers have been hired on a temp-to-perm basis rather than on a strictly temporary basis?