1. Asbestos exposure has been associated with:
A.pesticides from the organochloride family
B.asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma, and lung cancer
C.metallic compounds
D.vinyl chloride
2. A sentinel health event refers to:
A.the correlation between daily mortality and increased air pollution
B.the nuclear plant accident in Chernobyl, Ukraine.
C.a case of unnecessary workplace disease that serves as a warning signal.
D.none of the above
3. The healthy worker effect refers to the observation that:
A.exercise on the job causes workers to become healthy and gain years of life.
B.healthy persons are more likely to gain employment than unhealthy persons.
C.unemployed persons tend to have lower mortality than employed persons
D.none of the above
4. A situation in which the combined effect of several exposures is greater than the sum of the individual effects
A.threshold
B.latency
C.synergism
D.none of the above
5. The time period between initial exposure and a measurable response
A.threshold
B.latency
C.synergism
D.none of the above
6. It has been suggested that occupational exposure to benzene in the petroleum industry increases the risk of developing leukemia. The levels of benzene to which workers in this industry have been exposed were high from 1940 to 1970, but since 1970 have been significantly reduced.
What kind of study design, using petroleum workers, would provide the most useful information on whether benzene affects incidence rates of leukemia in this industry? (You may assume that records of individual worker assignments to jobs involving benzene exposure have been maintained by the industry.)
A.Retrospective cohort
B.Case-control
C.Cross-sectional
D.Experimental
7. In case-control studies evaluating the epidemiological evidence for genetic factors, family recall bias:
A.is the special situation where cases are more likely to be informed about their family history than are controls
B.never occurs
C.does not matter
D.only occurs in the controls
8. The situation in which only a single copy of an altered gene located on an non-sex chromosome is sufficient to cause an increased risk of disease refers to:
A.autosomal recessive
B.recessive
C.autosomal dominant
D.none of the above
9. The situation in which a specific allele at the marker locus is strongly associated with the mutant allele is known as:
A.linkage disequilibrium
B.single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
C.polymorphic
D.none of the above
10. Social epidemiology deals with the health effects of:
A.socioeconomic stratification
B.social networks
C.discrimination
D.work demands
E.all of the above
11. Researchers (e.g., Fox) have concluded that there is an absence of an association between cancer outcomes and:
A.stress
B.depressed mood
C.psychosis
D.bereavement
E.all of the above
F.none of the above
12. Which of the following statements describes the person-environment fit model
A.Discrepancy between husband and wife in social and educational status
B.Goodness of fit between the characteristics of the person and environment
C.Stressors that result from the happenings in one's existence
D.None of the above
13. Personal behavior and lifestyle factors in health do not include
A.social support
B.alcohol consumption
C.dietary practices
D.lack of exercise
14. The overarching goals of Healthy People is to:
A.increase quality and years of healthy life
B.eliminate health disparities
C.both A & B
D.none of the above
15. In light of the recent emphasis on genetics, the two questions that epidemiologists ask, in regards to the etiology of a disease are: How much of the incidence of the disease is due to genetic factors, and how much is due to
A.viruses
B.bacteria
C.vectors
D.the environment
16. Examples of social incongruity include:
A.discrepancy between parents in social status
B.discrepancy between generations, e.g., fathers and sons
C.changes from rural to urban residence
D.all of the above
17. One of the most important concepts in Epidemiology for you to grasp is the idea of multiple causality. This concept means that there is more than one single factor that must be present for disease to develop. Given what you've learned in this course, which of the following are likely to be multi-factorial in etiology?
A.obesity
B.coronary heart disease
C.lung cancer
D.all of the above
18. The most important methodological problems in the measurement of life events are:
A.subject's recall ability
B.reliability of measurement
C.memory biases
D.all of the above
19. Which of the following conditions would not be likely to be considered a Western or way-of-life disease:
A.Bacterial infections
B.Diverticular disease
C.Obesity
D.Diabetes
20. Which of the following statements describes life events?
A.Discrepancy between husband and wife in social and educational status
B.Goodness of fit between the characteristics of the person and environment
C.Stressors that result from the happenings in one's existence
D.None of the above
21. According to The Association of Schools of Public Health, competencies in epidemiology to be achieved by Master of Public Health degree candidates in public health include
A.Evaluating the strengths and limitations of epidemiologic reports.
B.Calculating basic epidemiology measures
C.Communicating epidemiologic information to lay and professional audiences
D.all of the above
22. Career roles for epidemiologist include
A.academic workers & healthcare planners
B.council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Employment Listings
C.disease surveillance workers
D.researchers
E.all of the above
23. The ethical guidelines for Epidemiologists includes:
A.minimization of risks and the protection of research subjects
B.protection of privacy of research participants
C.obtaining proper informed consent of research subjects and submitting their research studies for review by an independent ethics review committee
D.all of the above
24. An informed consent for research participants should include which elements:
A.a description of the purpose of the study and the scientific methods and procedures
B.a description of any anticipated risks or benefits and that the subject is able to withdraw from the study at any time
C.A only
D.both A & B
25. Epidemiologists conducting research should also make sure to maintain public trust. A key way to do so is to:
A.involve community representatives in research, such as through community advisory boards
B.pay everyone involved
C.only conduct studies in affluent communities
D.none of the above