Problem: PPI-R was developed to focus more on personality and move away from purely antisocial behaviours. The psychometric consequences are large and difficult. study also revealed and confirmed some important problematic issues with the PPI-R factor structure. Therefore, the PPI-R needs factor structure improvement, starting at item level. The PPI-R may not adequately capture the interpersonal and affective dimensions of psychopathy, particularly when compared to tools like the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) (Hughes et al., 2013) paraphrase creative. Need Assignment Help?