Assignment Task:
Part 1 - Episodic and semantic memory failures can be annoying, but they may serve a purpose. First, explore why it might be desirable for a person to be able to forget some information. However, as discussed in the text, fMRI shows that the hippocampus is active even when retrieving very old episodic information, especially when subjected to a similar event.
Search for at least two journal articles that might support the idea that these old memories can cause us to have attitudes toward future events without even knowing them. How is this information useful for an educator to be aware of, as well as a school counselor? Note how current relationships with similar experiences might change one's attitudes toward those events. Search guides for these articles might include keywords such as memories, future emotions, etc. One you might use is remembering the Details: Effects of Emotion. Answer the following questions for each article you find.
Title: The Impact of Experience Characteristics on Memory
I. Summarize and cite your first chosen journal article.
- How is this information useful for an educator to be aware of, as well as a school counselor?
- Note how current relationships with similar experiences might change one's attitudes toward those events.
II. Summarize and cite your second chosen journal article.
- How is this information useful for an educator to be aware of, as well as a school counselor? Need Assignment Help?
- Note how current relationships with similar experiences might change one's attitudes toward those events.
Part 2: Is significant data and evidence to support that children from lower socioeconomic status groups and those from minority groups often experience attitudes about learning and school that are negative. Some children attribute their academic failures to inescapable conditions: "I am bad at math," or "I'm not as smart as the other kids, etc." Confronted with a new math problem, such a child might not even try, just like in the case of Seligman's helpless dogs discussed in Chapter 10 of your textbook.
Maybe this attitude could be reversed or lessened by a training procedure that starts with problems the child can solve and intermixes progressively harder ones, gradually teaching the child a way to "escape" from the cycle of failure by exposure to challenges that they can master, therefore promoting a sense of confidence which may impact learning. Reading and math skills are the two deficits most often seen in some children.
Create a case study of a third-grade child who creates a diversion every time the child is asked to read out loud in class. Describe this behavior using the following from Chapter 10 of your textbook:
- Conditioned Emotional Responses
- Conditioned Escape
- Conditioned Avoidance
- Learned Helplessness
Once identified, create techniques for each child to assist them in overcoming these emotional fears that prevent learning. Define the role of the school counselor and their collaboration with the teachers. Finally, remembering that this child is in third grade, discuss when these interventions should have been identified and, from a habit formation basis, how earlier interventions can potentially create better outcomes.
Address how teachers can better identify these potential problem areas and when they should refer to a school counselor. Use the Learned Helplessness Case Study Template to complete your assignment.
Topic: Overcoming Culturally Created Learned Helplessness
I. Case Study:
II. Conditioned Emotional Responses:
III. Conditioned Escape:
IV. Conditioned Avoidance:
V. Learned Helplessness: Techniques to assist decreased frequency of:
a. Conditioned emotional responses
b. Conditioned escape
c. Conditioned avoidance
d. Learned Helplessness
VI. Role of School Counselor in collaborating with educators:
VII. Early Intervention Discussion:
VIII. Outcome Statement:
a. Complete the following statement: With the assistance of the educator and school counselor (and others) after successfully reducing conditioned responses, the s in student should be able to:
Part 3: A human begins to develop shortly after conception. This includes brain development and physiological development. Although there is numerous potential for disruption in this development, infancy through childhood development has been researched more in the school environment and how to create effective learning environments for children. Knowing and understanding development helps us to create better learning strategies that build upon each other to assist a child in learning progressively and optimally.
For this assignment, summarize what types of learning occur from birth through adolescence. Include concepts of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, conditioning and skill learning, episodic memory, semantic memory, imprinting, sensitive periods, language learning, puberty, and maturation. Be specific about when a child can process these concepts and how they impact future learning. Include what happens when there is a pathology, such as Down's syndrome or an environmental difficulty that prevents optimal development. Finally, look over the list of top ten causes of a child's behaviors in school which might apply to children of all ages (this is not all-inclusive, so add at least two of your own) and suggest a technique that a school counselor might use to investigate and decrease these behaviors:
I. Health, including hunger: Does the child have an underlying medical problem that explains their behavior? If a child is experiencing pain or discomfort, then they may be acting out to express this, particularly if they have a problem communicating it.
II. Behavioral difficulties: Conditions like ADHD, autism, and other learning difficulties may make the child unable to handle and express their feelings effectively. Furthermore, if other children leave them out due to these difficulties, it's likely to make their feelings and behavior worse.
III. Change: It's worth asking yourself whether the child has been through any big changes recently and whether this is causing them to display challenging behavior. For example, if they've moved to school, their parents have separated, or someone close to them has passed away.
IV. Learned behavior: The child may have learned that acting out is how they get what they want or may have been in an environment where everyone acted in the same way.
V. Home environment: If the child has a poor home environment, such as frequent arguing, then they may feel like shouting and hostility are the norm. Additionally, if there are parental issues, such as domestic violence, mental health problems, and substance misuse, the child may adopt challenging behavior as an outlet.
VI. Boredom: Challenging behavior may arise if the student feels bored in class and with their work. Moreover, an unrecognized talent may also result in the behavior, as students struggle to stay on track with something they already know how to do.
VI. Lack of routine: A lack of routine, often in their home environment, can also create challenging behavior. For example, late bedtimes, lack of sleep, insufficient support, and lack of behavioral boundaries.