1. The pursuit of an activity for external reward is called ________.
the need for affiliation
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
a mastery goal
2. Which statement about motivation is TRUE?
Motivation energizes and directs behavior.
We are always aware of motivational processes.
Two people motivated by the same factor will satisfy that motive through similar means.
There is only one type of motivation.
3. What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?
instincts
drives
releasing behaviors
universal behaviors
4. The state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n) ________.
drive
motives
incentives
needs
5. Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?
eating food that tastes bad
going swimming on a hot day
smoking cigarettes to relax
eating when you are not hungry
6. Primary drives are caused by ________.
stimuli within the body
learned behaviors
exceptions to the drive-reduction principle
stimuli outside the body
7. In arousal theory, people are said to have a (an) ________ level of tension for best performance on certain tasks.
high
lower
optimal
ultimate
8. Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors. Dr. Jones would be described as ________ in arousal theory.
foolhardy
a person high in need for power
a person high in need for affiliation
a sensation seeker
9. The Yerkes-Dodson Law says ________.
performance on tests is better in the morning
performance is affected by levels of physical arousal
nausea from bad food causes a reluctance to eat that food again
the more money you make the better your job will be
10. Lester has high test anxiety, which tends to affect his test performance even though he studies a lot. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which of the following activities will help Lester improve his performance?
Study harder.
Study less since his performance won't be that good anyway.
Get a tutor.
Use relaxation exercises before each test.
11. Bill has felt isolated and an "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year. As a result, he decided to rush a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge. According to Maslow, Bill may be attempting to meet the need of ________.
freedom
physiology
belonging
transcendence
12. According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, which needs must be met first?
physiological
esteem
belongingness and love
safety
13. Self-determination theory (SDT) best fits which type of motivation?
a mastery goal
the need for affiliation
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
14. The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by ________.
performance goals
the need for affiliation
biological drives
intrinsic motivation
15. Hormones secreted by the pancreas after we begin to eat to control fat levels, proteins, and carbohydrates are called ________ and ________.
glucogons; serotonin
glucogons; necon
insulin; serotonin
insulin; glucogons
16. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) may be involved in ________.
processing low fats
stoppage of eating
food allergies
the onset of eating
17. Anna Nicole weighed about 125 pounds most of her adult life. However, it seemed like whenever Anna Nicole gained weight it was easy to lose and get back to 125. But when she wanted to go below 125 it took forever, and even the slightest deviation from her diet got her back to 125. What explanation would you give Anna Nicole?
Start a reality TV show.
Her weight, 125, is her set point. Leave it alone.
Her BMR is not tied to her set point.
Use better diet products.
18. Which hormone is secreted into the bloodstream by fatty tissue to signal the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food, reducing appetite and increasing the feeling of being full?
leptin
lippotor
peptic acid
adrenalin
19. People who are attempting to become extremely thin by refusing to eat suffer from ________.
obesity phobia
anorexia nervosa
dissociation
bulimia nervosa
20. Each of the following is a symptom of bulimia EXCEPT ________.
body shape and weight excessively influencing the person's self-image
recurrent inappropriate behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, to try and prevent weight gain
recurrent episodes of binge eating
refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height
21. Which division of the nervous system is working when we experience emotions?
parasympathetic division of the somatic nervous system
nonsympathetic division of the nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic division of the nervous system
22. Which of the following is the correct definition of emotion?
an aspect of consciousness characterized by a certain physical arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules
an irrational aspect of our mammalian heritage that is distinctive from our rational abilities of cognition
the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about bodily changes
a set of social and cultural rules that regulates when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) feelings
23. The part of the brain that seems to influence emotion is the ________.
thalamus
thyroid gland
amygdala
pons
24. Paul Ekman and his colleagues gathered abundant evidence supporting the universality of ________ basic facial expressions of emotion.
three
nine
seven
five
25. Which theory states that a stimulus triggers physiological changes that produce emotion?
common sense view of emotions
Schachter-Singer theory
Cannon-Bard theory
James-Lange theory
26. Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
stimulus THEN emotion THEN physiological changes
stimulus THEN physiological changes THEN emotion
stimulus THEN emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)
physiological changes THEN stimulus THEN emotion
27. Which statement is most consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion?
"I'm happy because I laugh."
"I'm anxious because I perspire."
"I run because I'm afraid."
"I'm crying because I'm sad."
28. ________ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes.
Plutchik's
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard theory
Schachter and Singer's
29. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, when Jose complies with instructions to look angry, it is most likely that ________.
he will be pleased that he does it so well
his positive feelings will decrease
he will be amused to be simulating anger
his reaction will depend on his age
30. According to cognitive-mediational theories, appraisal of the situation would come ________ the physical arousal and ________ the experience of emotion.
before; before
after; after
after; before
before; after
31. Isaac, a 25-year-old law student, is heterosexual; his brother Chaim, a 21-year-old college senior, is a homosexual. The brothers obviously differ in their
plasticity
sexual response cycle
sexual orientation
refractory period
gender type
32. Ainsley is more fearful of loneliness than of remaining in a physically abusive relationship with her husband. This best illustrates the potentially harmful impact of _________ needs.
self-actualization
achievement
belongingness
sexual
safety
33. In the following list, which is NOT a reason for lack of contraception in teens
ignorance
father presence
minimal communication
alcohol
mass media
34. In early centuries, attachment helped humans survive. The sense of belonging helped humans live and thrive. In the following list, which is not a benefit of attachment?
protecting against predators, especially for the young
ease of finding a mate
obtaining food
reproducing offspring
ease of finding children
35. Which is not a part of employee engagement?
Knows what is expected of him.
Feels no need to work.
Feels fulfilled at work.
Has opportunities to do his best.
Has opportunities to learn and develop.
36. Positive psychology can be thought of as ________.
shifting the focus from negatives to more positives in psychology while focusing on strengths
shifting the focus from the abstract to the tangible
shifting the focus of psychology from Cognitive to Gestalt
shifting the focus from achievement to self-actualization
shifting the focus from belongingness to autonomy
37. Dr. Lighthead works with her patients to draw from many of their strengths and successes in her therapy sessions. She often stresses the importance of achievements, strengths, and well-being while not dwelling on past issues of abuse, depression, and unmet goals. Based on the description of her work, Dr. Lighthead is likely to utilize ________ in her sessions.
transient psychology
structural psychology
optimist psychology
performance psychology
positive psychology
38. According to Myer and colleagues, in happiness is the key to many things EXCEPT ________.
a healthier and more satisfying life
changing others who are unhappy
perception of the world as a safer place
ability to make decisions more easily
ability to feel safe and secure
39. You are at a basketball game and the arena is packed; the crowd is evenly split between fans of the two teams. At one point, the referee makes a call. Half of the fans yell insults; the other half of the fans shout their approval. The event reminds you of the topic of today's lecture in psychology class. What was the likely topic of the lecture?
bias
experiments
psychoanalysis
correlations
extraneous variables
40. Skinner was to rats as Thorndike was to
dogs
pigeons
rabbits
cats
horses