Question: While Donna, Denise, and Dory are four-wheeling on dirt roads in the Organ Mountains, they ignore warning signs indicating that they have left the marked trail and are entering dangerous territory where they become lost. They send a text asking for help shortly before they lose cell phone reception. While climbing the mountain as part of the rescue effort, a tractor accidentally cuts an electrical cable that provides electricity to a remote home owned by an elderly woman named Petunia. With no electricity, Petunia has no air conditioning and dies in the summer heat. Donna, Denise, and Dory are sued for negligence. It is most likely that it will be found that the acts of the four-wheelers were: